Poria cocos (medicinal mushroom) and cancer

What is Poria cocos

Poria cocos, also known as Fu Ling, is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in Chinese medicine. It has been used for centuries for its healing properties, which not least focus on strengthening the spleen and calming the mind. Poria cocos typically grows on the roots of pine trees and has a characteristic whitish color. Its use ranges from improving digestion to functioning as a diuretic, which helps remove excess fluid from the body.

Mechanisms of action

Poria cocos has a number of complex mechanisms of action that contribute to its health benefits. It contains bioactive compounds such as triterpenoids and polysaccharides (both natural plant compounds), which have been shown to have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.

Inhibits growth of cancer cells

The triterpenoids in Poria cocos have a special ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death) in tumor cells. The polysaccharides stimulate the immune system by activating macrophages (a type of white blood cell), which play a central role in the body’s defense against diseases. In addition, Poria cocos has been shown to modulate signaling pathways in cells that are involved in cancer progression and metastasis [3, 4, 5].

Benefits of Poria cocos

Poria cocos thus offers a wide range of benefits that make it a valuable supplement to cancer treatment. First and foremost, the mushroom functions as a natural source of nutrients that can support the body’s general health during cancer treatment. It contains various vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that can promote healing and support the immune system.

Improves digestion

One of the most remarkable benefits of Poria cocos is its ability to improve digestive function. Many cancer patients experience digestive problems as a result of treatment, which can lead to reduced appetite and weight loss. Poria cocos functions as a diuretic and can help balance the fluid balance in the body, which can be particularly useful for patients suffering from swelling or fluid retention.

Calming and stress-reducing

In addition, Poria cocos has calming properties that can help reduce anxiety and stress, which are often associated with a cancer diagnosis. Its ability to promote better sleep quality can also play a significant role in improving the patient’s general well-being. For many cancer patients, a good night’s sleep can be an important factor in managing fatigue and improving quality of life.

Blood sugar control

Finally, Poria cocos can help stabilize blood sugar, which is important for maintaining energy levels and general health. This can be particularly beneficial for cancer patients who may have an increased risk of metabolic disorders [2].

Potential as complementary treatment for cancer

Poria cocos has significant potential as a complementary treatment for cancer, as it offers a holistic approach to patient care. Its ability to strengthen the immune system is one of the most notable benefits. Research has shown that the polysaccharides in Poria cocos can activate various immune cells, leading to increased production of cytokines (proteins that communicate between cells in the immune system). This can be particularly beneficial for cancer patients whose immune systems are often weakened by chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

General benefits

In addition, Poria cocos has been shown to be able to reduce inflammation, which is a central factor in many diseases, including cancer. By counteracting inflammation, Poria cocos can potentially slow tumor growth and improve the patient’s general health. Research also indicates that Poria cocos can help improve overall quality of life by relieving symptoms such as fatigue, pain, and anxiety. This can lead to better adherence to treatment regimens and a more positive impact on the patient’s mental state.

Synergy with chemotherapy

Further studies have shown that Poria cocos can have a synergistic effect when used together with conventional cancer treatments. For example, studies have indicated that Poria cocos can improve the effect of certain chemotherapeutic agents by increasing their toxicity against cancer cells without affecting healthy cells. This makes Poria cocos a potentially effective complementary treatment that can improve the patient’s response to standard treatments.

Synergistic effects with specific chemotherapeutics

Poria cocos has shown synergistic effects with several specific chemotherapeutic agents:

Doxorubicin: Research has indicated that Poria cocos can improve the anti-tumor effect of doxorubicin by increasing apoptosis in cancer cells, which can lead to more effective treatment of various cancer types, including breast cancer.
Paclitaxel: Studies have shown that Poria cocos can increase the effectiveness of paclitaxel by strengthening its ability to inhibit tumor growth, while minimizing side effects that are often associated with this treatment.
Cisplatin: There is also research suggesting that Poria cocos can help improve the effect of cisplatin, a commonly used chemotherapeutic for the treatment of lung cancer and testicular cancer, by increasing its cytotoxicity.
Gemcitabine: Poria cocos can also have a positive impact on the effect of gemcitabine, used against pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer, by improving treatment outcomes and reducing resistance in cancer cells.

These synergistic effects make Poria cocos a potentially effective complementary treatment that can improve the patient’s response to standard treatments, which can result in better treatment outcomes and fewer side effects.

However, it is important that patients always consult their qualified healthcare provider before combining Poria cocos with chemotherapeutic agents.

Disadvantages and limitations

Although Poria cocos has many benefits, there are also some disadvantages and limitations to consider.

Allergy

Some people may experience allergic reactions, although this is rare.

Interaction

In addition, it can interact with certain medications, which can affect their effectiveness.

Get guidance

It is important to consult a qualified healthcare provider before starting to take Poria cocos, especially if you are already being treated for cancer.

Clinical trials

Several clinical trials have investigated the effect of Poria cocos in connection with cancer treatment.

Reduces side effects

These studies have shown that Poria cocos can help reduce side effects of chemotherapy, such as nausea and fatigue, as well as improve quality of life for patients undergoing treatment.

Synergy

In some studies, Poria cocos has also shown to have a synergistic effect when combined with traditional cancer treatments, resulting in an improved therapeutic response.

For example, one study documented that patients with lung cancer who took Poria cocos as a supplement experienced a statistically significant reduction in tumor growth compared to the control group.

Other studies have reported improved immune response and an increased survival rate among patients who used Poria cocos in their treatment plan.

Safety

Poria cocos is generally considered safe to use when taken in moderate amounts. However, there is a need to be aware that the quality and purity of dietary supplements can vary. It is therefore important to choose products from reliable manufacturers that follow good manufacturing practices.

Pregnancy and breastfeeding are periods when one should exercise caution, and it is recommended to consult a qualified healthcare provider before use.

Any allergic reactions or interactions with medication should also be taken into consideration.

Suitable uses and interactions

It is important to consider how Poria cocos can interact with specific medications used in cancer treatment. Some medications that can interact with Poria cocos include:

Anticoagulants (blood-thinning medications) such as warfarin: Poria cocos can have a mild blood-thinning effect, which can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants. Patients taking these medications should therefore be cautious and monitor blood counts.
Immunosuppressants: Poria cocos’ immune-stimulating properties can potentially counteract the effect of immunosuppressive medications used to prevent rejection of organ transplants or for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. This can lead to an increased risk of rejection or worsening of autoimmune conditions.
Chemotherapeutic agents: Poria cocos can interact with specific chemotherapeutic drugs, such as:
- Doxorubicin: This drug is often used to treat various cancer types, and Poria cocos can potentially enhance its effect by increasing apoptosis in tumor cells, leading to more effective treatment.
- Cyclophosphamide: Poria cocos can affect the metabolism of this medication, which can change its effectiveness and side effects. There is a possibility that Poria cocos can increase the anti-tumor activity of cyclophosphamide, but there can also be a risk that it can enhance certain side effects. It is therefore important to monitor the patient’s response closely.
- Taxanes (e.g., paclitaxel and docetaxel): These agents, used to treat breast, lung, and ovarian cancer, can have an altered effect in the presence of Poria cocos. The potential interaction can be positive, as Poria cocos can enhance the cytotoxic effect of these agents, which can lead to better treatment outcomes. However, it is also possible that the interaction can result in increased side effects or changes in the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. Therefore, it is important to monitor the patient’s response closely to optimize treatment and minimize risks.
Corticosteroids: Poria cocos can potentially affect blood sugar and inflammatory responses, which can be important for patients taking corticosteroids to manage inflammation or autoimmunity. It is important to monitor blood sugar levels, as there can be a risk of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in connection with these interactions.

To ensure optimal use of Poria cocos as a supplement to cancer treatment, it is recommended that patients consult their healthcare provider regarding whether their other medication can interact with the dietary supplement.

A medical evaluation will help identify any risks and adjust the dosage of the various medications as needed.

Dispensing and use

Poria cocos can be found in several forms, including:

Powder: Can be added to smoothies, soups, or tea to increase daily intake.
Capsules: A practical way to take Poria cocos, especially for those who do not want to taste it.
Tincture: Liquid extracts that can be added to water or juice for easy intake.
Tea: Poria cocos can be brewed as a herbal tea, which is both tasty and healthy.

It is recommended to follow the dosage instructions from the manufacturer or consult a qualified healthcare provider to find the right dose based on individual needs.

Conclusion

Poria cocos is a remarkable medicinal mushroom with a wealth of health benefits, especially as a complementary treatment for cancer.

Its ability to strengthen the immune system, reduce inflammation, and relieve side effects from conventional treatments makes it a valuable supplement for many patients.

With a rich history in traditional medicine and promising results from clinical trials, Poria cocos can be an important part of a holistic approach to cancer treatment. However, it is important to use it correctly and in consultation with a qualified healthcare provider, to ensure maximum safety and effectiveness.

By understanding potential interactions with existing medications, patients and healthcare providers can better navigate treatment options and optimize outcomes for cancer patients.

Overview of medicinal mushrooms and cannabis

This overview compares the effect and safety of the most commonly used medicinal mushrooms. Cannabis is also included in the overview. This is despite the fact that cannabis is biologically a plant and not a mushroom. However, it is often used in the same context when natural symptom relief is desired for those affected by cancer.

Worth knowing

Choice of mushroom: If the goal is to get through chemo safely with the fewest side effects, Turkey Tail is most often the first choice, as it has the fewest contraindications.

Neuropathy: If the chemo causes tingling in the fingers or nerve damage, Lion’s Mane is the only mushroom with specific documentation for being able to help with nerve regeneration.

Stop before surgery: A good rule of thumb is to stop all mushrooms, especially Reishi, Chaga, and Cordyceps, as well as fish oil two weeks before scheduled surgeries due to the risk of bleeding.

Medicinal mushroom and Cannabis

Name	Primary Effect	Use in Cancer	Name	Important Caution
Agaricus blazei	Very powerful immune activation. High content of Beta-1,3/1,6-glucans.	Aggressive support. Used to significantly boost NK-cell activity.	Agaricus blazei	May affect liver enzymes. Should be used with caution in liver disease or heavy liver-taxing chemo.
Cannabis: CBD	Anxiolytic and muscle relaxant. Anti-inflammatory.	Quality of life. Relieves restlessness, anxiety, muscle tension, and sleep problems without a high.	Cannabis: CBD	Interaction with medication. Can inhibit the liver’s breakdown of chemotherapy (CYP450).
Cannabigerol (CBG)	Neuroprotective and appetite stimulant. Blocks TRPM8 channels (growth signals) in cells.	Antitumour support. Targeted use for growth in colon and brain, and against loss of weight and muscle mass.	Cannabigerol (CBG)	Interaction with liver enzymes (CYP450). May affect the concentration of blood thinners and certain types of epilepsy medication.
Cannabis: THC	Antiemetic and appetite stimulant. Psychoactive (euphoric).	Acute relief. Against severe nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.	Cannabis: THC	Driving ban. Psychoactive side effects. Sedative effect.
Chaga	Powerful antioxidant (SOD). Contains Betulin and Betulinic acid. Protects against oxidative stress.	Restorative. Used for general strengthening of the body under pressure.	Chaga	High oxalate content (risk of kidney stones). Blood-thinning. Interacts with insulin (lowers blood sugar).
Cordyceps	Energizing. Increases oxygen uptake (ATP) and kidney function.	Lung function. Counteracts shortness of breath and cancer-related fatigue.	Cordyceps	May over-activate the immune system in autoimmune diseases. Blood-thinning.
Lion’s Mane	Nerve regenerating. Stimulates growth of nerve cells (NGF).	Neuropathy. Counteracts sensory disturbances in fingers/feet and memory difficulties (chemo brain).	Lion’s Mane	May lower blood sugar. Mild blood-thinning effect.
Maitake	Immune-activating (D-fraction). Strong stimulation of macrophages.	Immune boost. Often used to activate the body’s own defense against cancer cells.	Maitake	May lower blood sugar. Can enhance the effect of blood-thinning medication.
Pau D’Arco	Potent antifungal and anti-inflammatory. Contains Lapachol.	Micro-environment. Used to purify the blood and combat fungal infections (Candida), which are often seen with a weakened immune system.	Pau D’Arco	Blood-thinning. Must not be combined with blood-thinning medication or used prior to surgical procedures.
Pao Pereira	Inhibits replication of abnormal cells. Penetrates the blood-brain barrier.	Targeted cell division. Often used for prostate cancer and cancers of the central nervous system (brain).	Pao Pereira	Generally well-tolerated, but should be taken under guidance to ensure correct dosage relative to conventional treatment.
Poria cocos	Diuretic and calming. Supports spleen and kidney function. Contains Pachyman.	Fluid retention. Helps against edema and mucus. Calms restlessness and racing thoughts.	Poria cocos	Acts as a diuretic. Be mindful of electrolyte balance if taking other diuretic medication.
Reishi	Calming and immune-strengthening. Acts as an adaptogen (stress-reducing) and sleep-promoting.	Sleep and stress. Good for finding peace in the body and supporting the immune system between treatments.	Reishi	Blood-thinning. Must not be used with low platelets or before surgery.
Shiitake	Immune-stimulating. Source of Lentinan and AHCC.	Standard support. Lentinan is used medically to prolong survival in certain types of cancer.	Shiitake	May in rare cases cause skin rash (Shiitake dermatitis). Contains purines (caution in gout).
Turkey Tail	Immune-modulating. Supports the immune system (NK cells) without overstimulating. Contains PSK.	Chemo support. Often used alongside chemo to counteract immune suppression.	Turkey Tail	Generally considered safe. Few known interactions (approved drug in Japan as PSK).

Back to Supplements

Also see Diet

Dietary Supplements Grouped by Effect

Dietary Supplements Alphabetical

A,. B,. C,. D,. E+F,. G,. H,. I+J+K,. L,. M,. N,. O,. P,. Q,. R,. S,. T,. U+V+Z