{"id":40519,"date":"2026-06-15T22:39:39","date_gmt":"2026-06-15T21:39:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/?p=40519"},"modified":"2026-06-15T22:53:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-15T21:53:31","slug":"metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Metabolic principles in cancer treatment. Cancer as a metabolic disease. Warburg effect. Dr. Thomas Seyfried. Metabolism. Warberg. Warborg. Varberg. Varburg. mTOR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-section-5 has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-a4da3a43df6eabc1e948ffc26efb599d has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-5--2\" id=\"menu\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ca2dd60b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8ebd27ab190401d9d3fbfe7946f4f6d4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatments\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-treatments-overview\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color\">Treatments <\/mark><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-custom-interne-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5a4a9452cea492c3ac4a941c1fdce223 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-hvid-tekst-color\">Block cancer&#8217;s growth pathways<\/mark><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8cc1c6a514ddbfe6a725414bd515a591\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/no-medicine-plan-b-2\/\">No medicine &#8211; Plan B<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87679c9c258683fbb155d09452345099\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/\">Cancer as a metabolic disorder<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-her-st-r-du-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164a6ba08d5d97c7a8d178296854c637\"><a href=\"#start\">Metabolic principles in cancer research (scroll down)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-071e11418cfe525378fa4d9b3a041c67\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-strategi\/\">Metabolic strategy &#8211; block signaling pathways according to cancer type overviews<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ad675ea4b24e9e37c0d38d980ea78c9a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-strategi-blood-cancer\/\">Cancer types &#8211; Schematic\/ Overview<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20aeb151df7b688945d6958306982c02\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-signaling-pathways\/\">Block cancer&#8217;s signaling pathways<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94ecbe2c64241427c5060511ec6329d1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-energy-pathways\/\">Block cancer&#8217;s energy pathways<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0b183fb7aa5b469e88e70cead4356d13\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/medication-logistics\/\">Medicine logistics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8.png\" alt=\"Her er et billede, der illustrerer de komplekse metaboliske processer i kr\u00e6ftceller og deres mikromilj\u00f8\" class=\"wp-image-10206\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;width:550px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8.png&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-6573b673\">\n<h1 id=\"start\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metabolic_Principles_in_Cancer_Treatment\"><\/span>Metabolic Principles in Cancer Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On cancer cells\u2019 unique appetite\u2014and how it might be turned against them. Or why our dietary choices might not be as irrelevant as one might think. (Illustrations should be considered as vignettes.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contents, Section 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#introduktion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer cells\u2019 unique energy needs<\/a> (scroll down)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#warburg-effekten\">The Warburg effect<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#centrale-veje\">Which energy pathways are being targeted<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#tumormikromiljoet\">The role of the tumor microenvironment<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#nye-behandlinger\">New treatments on the horizon<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#diaetisk-tilgang\">Can cancer be starved with diet?<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#konklusion\">Conclusion: The Future<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#referencer\">Reference list for the text<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sektion 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#omfattende-referenceliste\">Comprehensive reference list for the topic as a whole<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary: Can Cancer Be Starved \u2013 On Metabolic Cancer Treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Warburg Effect:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells have a unique way of obtaining energy, known as the Warburg effect, where they primarily use sugar (glucose) to grow rapidly, even in the presence of oxygen. This &#8220;unique appetite&#8221; distinguishes them from normal cells and opens the door to new treatment strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dr. Thomas Seyfried:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers and pioneers like Dr. Thomas Seyfried argue that cancer is fundamentally a metabolic disease, and that the vulnerability of cancer cells can be exploited by targeting their energy pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What Is the Main Idea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Target cancer cells\u2019 energy sources:<\/strong> Cancer cells are highly dependent on glucose and glutamine. By limiting access to these nutrients, their growth can potentially be inhibited.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ketogenic diet as a tool:<\/strong> A ketogenic diet (very low carbohydrate, high fat) can force the body to use ketones as fuel instead of glucose.<br>This creates an environment that is unfavorable for many cancer cells, while it is often beneficial for normal cells. <br>Dr. Seyfried\u2019s research highlights this as a potential supplement to conventional treatment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Targeted supplements\/herbs:<\/strong> Some substances are being investigated for their ability to affect the spread of cancer cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>New drugs in development:<\/strong> Research is also developing medications that specifically block enzymes that cancer cells use to convert sugar and other nutrients (e.g., substances that inhibit Hexokinase, PKM2, or Glutaminase).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Understanding the tumor\u2019s &#8220;neighborhood&#8221;:<\/strong> Cancer cells collaborate with the cells around them. By also affecting the metabolism of these &#8220;neighboring cells,&#8221; a more hostile environment for the tumor can be created.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important:<\/strong> Dietary approaches should be seen as potential complementary strategies and, if desired, implemented in collaboration with your healthcare provider. The goal is to exploit the metabolic vulnerability of cancer cells to improve the effectiveness of treatment and the body\u2019s overall health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Targeting_Cancer_Metabolism_%E2%80%93_Starving_Cancer\"><\/span>Targeting Cancer Metabolism \u2013 Starving Cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This review attempts to provide a more detailed introduction to the concept of targeting cancer treatment by utilizing the unique metabolism of cancer cells as a treatment strategy. It explains how cancer cells, unlike normal cells, often exhibit the <a href=\"#the-warburg-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Warburg effect<\/a> (aerobic glycolysis) to support rapid growth and survival. It covers the history behind this discovery, the metabolic pathways (glucose, glutamine, lipids) that are central therapeutic targets, and how the tumor microenvironment and dietary approaches play a role. It also highlights clinical trials with metabolic inhibitors and the challenges and perspectives associated with this promising, yet complex, approach to cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"introduktion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Introduction_Understanding_the_Metabolic_Vulnerability_of_Cancer_Cells\"><\/span>1. Introduction: Understanding the Metabolic Vulnerability of Cancer Cells<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7-150x150.png\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper. Her er et billede, der illustrerer de metaboliske veje i kr\u00e6ftceller og deres interaktioner med tumormikromilj\u00f8et\" class=\"wp-image-10205\" style=\"width:auto;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper7.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Energy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To maintain life and function, all cells in our body depend on a constant supply of energy. This energy is primarily produced through metabolic processes where nutrients such as glucose are converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell\u2019s primary energy currency <a href=\"#1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(1)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In normal cells, there is a fine balance between two main pathways for energy production: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Glycolysis occurs in the cell\u2019s cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate and produces a small amount of ATP. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is primarily directed into the mitochondria, the cell\u2019s &#8220;power plants,&#8221; where it undergoes the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle) and subsequent OXPHOS, a process that generates a much larger amount of ATP <a href=\"#2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(2)<\/a>. This efficient energy production is crucial for the specialized functions and maintenance of normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significant Changes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells, however, exhibit significant changes in their metabolic pathways compared to normal cells. To support their rapid growth, uncontrolled division (proliferation), and ability to survive in various and often hostile microenvironments, cancer cells have reprogrammed their metabolic machinery. These changes include increased nutrient uptake, altered direction of metabolic processes (flux), and altered regulation of key metabolic enzymes. One of the most characteristic features of this metabolic reprogramming is the <a href=\"#the-warburg-effect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Warburg effect<\/a> <a href=\"#2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(2)<\/a>, where cancer cells prefer glycolysis as their primary pathway for energy production, even when sufficient oxygen is present.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Targeting Vulnerabilities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The concept of targeting these unique metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer cells represents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. By inhibiting the energy and biosynthetic pathways that are crucial for tumor growth and survival, researchers hope to limit the proliferation of cancer cells, induce cell death (apoptosis), and ultimately control the progression of the disease <a href=\"#3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(3)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This description will attempt to delve deeper into the scientific basis for such an approach, focusing on the central metabolic pathways identified as potential therapeutic targets and the various strategies used in the attempt to &#8220;starve&#8221; cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"warburg-effekten\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_The_historical_perspective_Otto_Warburg_and_aerobic_glycolysis\"><\/span>2. The historical perspective: Otto Warburg and aerobic glycolysis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6-150x150.png\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper. Her er endnu et billede, der viser kr\u00e6ftceller i interaktion med tumormikromilj\u00f8et\" class=\"wp-image-10204\" style=\"width:auto;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper6.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Groundbreaking Observation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the early 20th century, the German biochemist Otto Warburg made a groundbreaking observation that would revolutionize our understanding of cancer metabolism <a href=\"#3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(3)<\/a>. He discovered that cancer cells exhibited an unusually high consumption of glucose and a significant production of lactate (lactic acid), even in environments with sufficient oxygen. This observation, later known as the Warburg effect or aerobic glycolysis, stood in stark contrast to the primary metabolic process used by normal cells in oxygen-rich environments, namely the far more efficient oxidative phosphorylation <a href=\"#2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(2)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Mechanism Behind the Warburg Effect<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The mechanism behind the Warburg effect involves a fundamental change in how cancer cells process glucose (compared to normal cells) to generate both energy and the building blocks necessary to create new cancer cells <a href=\"#4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(4)<\/a>. Like normal cells, cancer cells take up glucose from their surroundings and convert it to pyruvate through glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm. In normal cells, pyruvate is transported under oxygen-rich conditions into the mitochondria to undergo OXPHOS (see above), resulting in high ATP production (about 36 ATP molecules per glucose molecule).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells deviate from this pathway by largely limiting the use of OXPHOS, even when there is plenty of oxygen. Instead, they convert pyruvate to lactate in the cytoplasm. This process, known as lactate fermentation, regenerates NAD+, a coenzyme necessary for glycolysis to continue, but it produces only a very limited amount of ATP (just 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule) <a href=\"#4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(4)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Advantages of the Warburg Effect for Cancer Cells<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the Warburg effect is much less efficient in terms of ATP production compared to OXPHOS, it is believed that this metabolic reprogramming provides cancer cells with several critical advantages <a href=\"#5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(5)<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, it enables rapid ATP production, which can be beneficial in areas of the tumor with fluctuating oxygen availability. Second, glycolysis generates important intermediates essential for the biosynthesis of macromolecules, such as ribose for DNA and RNA synthesis, and glycerol and citrate for lipid synthesis, which are required in large quantities to build new cells during rapid growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additionally, the increased production of lactate and the resulting acidic environment in the tumor can promote tumor invasion by breaking down surrounding tissue and inhibiting the activity of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, making it easier for cancer cells to evade the immune system <a href=\"#5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(5)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Diagnostic Significance of the Warburg Effect<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The increased glucose uptake, a hallmark of cancer cells due to the Warburg effect, has an important application in cancer diagnostics. Positron emission tomography (PET) scans exploit this metabolic peculiarity to detect tumors in the body <a href=\"#4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(4)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a PET scan, a radioactively labeled glucose analog, typically 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), is injected into the patient\u2019s bloodstream. Due to the elevated metabolic activity and dependence on glucose, malignant cancer cells accumulate a higher concentration of this radioactive tracer compared to the surrounding normal tissue. This difference in uptake allows doctors to visualize and thus locate tumors using PET scans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The combination of PET scans with computed tomography (CT) scans (PET\/CT) provides even more precise information by combining the metabolic data from PET with the detailed anatomical images from CT scans. This diagnostic application underscores the continued clinical relevance of the Warburg effect in managing cancer diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Evolution in the Understanding of the Warburg Effect<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our understanding of the Warburg effect and its role in cancer development has evolved significantly since Warburg\u2019s original discovery. Warburg initially hypothesized that defective mitochondria could be the cause of the increased glycolysis rate in tumor cells and perhaps even a primary cause of cancer development itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, however, it is widely recognized that genetic mutations in oncogenes (genes that promote cancer) and tumor suppressor genes are the primary drivers behind malignant transformation, and that the Warburg effect is rather a consequence of these genetic changes than a primary cause <a href=\"#6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(6)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The metabolic change is now considered an adaptation that provides cancer cells with selective advantages, such as the ability to survive in low-oxygen environments within tumors or as a result of cancer genes &#8220;shutting down&#8221; mitochondrial function in programmed cell death (apoptosis) <a href=\"#6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(6)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nevertheless, the Warburg effect has retained its status as a central hallmark of cancer and an important area for therapeutic interventions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dr. Thomas Seyfried<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent times, Dr. Thomas Seyfried <a href=\"#27\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(27)<\/a> has revived and significantly advanced this line of thinking. He is a prominent advocate for the theory that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease, where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role, in contrast to the dominant view that focuses on genetic mutations as the primary cause. His research has intensely focused on how metabolic therapies, not least ketogenic diets and calorie restriction, can affect the energy supply of cancer cells and thus their growth and survival <a href=\"#22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(22)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seyfried argues that damaged mitochondrial function may be a primary underlying factor in cancer, driving cells to increase glycolysis as a compensatory mechanism. This perspective nuances the established view and highlights the importance of metabolic dysfunctions in the development and treatment of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical Relevance Today<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Warburg effect, once considered a curiosity, is today a cornerstone in cancer diagnostics and an intense area of research for the development of new treatments. Warburg\u2019s observation from nearly a century ago forms the basis for our understanding of cancer cells\u2019 unique metabolic needs. This fundamental difference from normal cells opened the possibility of therapeutically targeting these specific metabolic pathways. The fact that this metabolic change can be detected using PET scans underscores its continued clinical relevance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The shift in the view of the Warburg effect\u2014from a primary cause to a consequence of genetic changes\u2014has refined treatment methods. The focus is now on the underlying genetic processes and the cells\u2019 communication and response systems that collectively control metabolic reprogramming.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While Warburg\u2019s original hypothesis about mitochondrial dysfunction was important when it emerged, the later understanding that oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes orchestrate this metabolic shift allows for more targeted interventions that could potentially reverse or normalize cancer metabolism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is also important to note that the Warburg effect is not uniform across all cancer types and stages, suggesting the need for personalized strategies for metabolic targeting that account for variations in intensity and the specific mechanisms depending on the cancer type, its progression stage, and the genetic composition of the cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"#cancer-as-metabolic-disorder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disorder<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"centrale-veje\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Central_Metabolic_Pathways_as_Therapeutic_Targets\"><\/span>3. Central Metabolic Pathways as Therapeutic Targets<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1.png\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper. Her er et billede, der viser en metabolisk vej i kr\u00e6ftceller, hvor en specifik del er blokeret\" class=\"wp-image-10199\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper1-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells\u2019 altered metabolism creates a number of potential &#8220;weak points&#8221; that researchers are trying to exploit therapeutically. By targeting specific enzymes and transport proteins that are crucial for cancer cells\u2019 energy production and growth, it is hoped that their survival can be disrupted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glucose Metabolism as a Target<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glucose metabolism plays a fundamental role in cancer biology, as it provides the necessary energy and building blocks for the rapid growth and division of cancer cells <a href=\"#7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(7)<\/a>. Glycolysis, the primary pathway for glucose metabolism, is particularly important for fast-growing cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to producing ATP, albeit inefficiently in the Warburg effect, glycolysis also generates important intermediates necessary for the synthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids\u2014all crucial for building new cell mass in cancer cells. The characteristically high glucose consumption in many cancer forms is exploited diagnostically in PET scans, as previously mentioned <a href=\"#4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(4)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This strong dependence on glucose has led researchers like Dr. Thomas Seyfried to argue that limiting glucose availability, e.g., through a ketogenic diet, could be an effective therapeutic strategy <a href=\"#22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(22)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Targeting Hexokinase (HK)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A central target in glucose metabolism is the enzyme hexokinase (HK), which initiates glycolysis by catalyzing the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate <a href=\"#8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(8)<\/a>. Among the various variants of hexokinase, hexokinase II (HK2) is often overexpressed in many cancer forms and is associated with increased growth and poorer prognosis <a href=\"#8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(8)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore, substances that inhibit HK2 are being investigated as potential cancer treatments. Examples include 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA), which have shown promising results in laboratory studies. A newer substance, benitrobenrazide (BNBZ), is more specific for HK2 and effectively blocks cancer cell growth. Another strategy is to use molecules (PROTACs) to selectively degrade the HK2 protein in cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) as a Target<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important enzyme in glycolysis is pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which catalyzes the final step in the pathway <a href=\"#9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(9)<\/a>. PKM2 is often found at higher levels in cancer and plays a role in the Warburg effect. The enzyme can have different forms with varying activity, and cancer cells favor a form that allows the accumulation of building blocks for cell growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Substances that inhibit PKM2 have shown anti-tumor activity in the laboratory, and the same applies to substances that activate another form of PKM2 in certain cancer types. PKM2 also has other functions in the cell, making targeting complex.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategies Against Glycolysis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Targeting various steps in glycolysis provides multiple opportunities to disrupt cancer cells\u2019 energy and growth. Inhibiting key enzymes such as HK and PKM2 can block the pathway and deprive cancer cells of important resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research into both inhibitors and activators of these enzymes shows a complexity in targeting metabolism, where the specific context of the cancer type is crucial for the therapeutic approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glutamine Metabolism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glutamine, another important nutrient, serves as a significant source of both energy and building blocks for cancer cells <a href=\"#10\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(10)<\/a>. Many cancer forms are highly dependent on glutamine for their survival and growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The enzyme glutaminase (GLS) is the first step in glutamine metabolism, and substances that inhibit GLS are being investigated for use as cancer treatments. Additionally, cancer cells often increase their uptake of glutamine from their surroundings by overexpressing specific transport proteins on the cell surface, which can also be targets for therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lipid Metabolism as a Target<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abnormal metabolism of fats (lipids) is also a hallmark of cancer <a href=\"#11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">(11)<\/a>. Cancer cells often increase their ability to produce fatty acids themselves (de novo lipogenesis) and to uptake and break down fatty acids (fatty acid oxidation) to meet their needs for energy, signaling molecules, and building blocks for cell membranes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis, such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), as well as the enzyme ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY), which connects glucose and fat metabolism, are all under investigation as potential therapeutic targets. Inhibition of these enzymes has shown promising results in laboratory studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other Metabolic Targets<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to glucose, glutamine, and lipids, other metabolic pathways and enzymes are being investigated as targets. One example is isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), where mutations in certain cancer forms lead to the production of a substance (2-hydroxyglutarate) that promotes cancer development (<a href=\"#reference-12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Drugs have been developed that specifically inhibit the mutated forms of IDH, and these have shown clinical benefits in certain cancer types. This underscores the potential of targeting specific metabolic changes based on genetic mutations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 1: Key metabolic enzymes targeted in cancer treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Here is the table \u2013 although I cannot claim that the content is crystal clear to me \u2013 perhaps you are more insightful\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Enzyme<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Role in cancer metabolism<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Examples of inhibitors\/activators under investigation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Relevant cancer types<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Hexokinase (HK)<\/td><td>First step in glycolysis, glucose phosphorylation<\/td><td>2-DG, 3-BrPA, BNBZ<\/td><td>Many cancers with increased glycolysis<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>PKM2<\/td><td>Last step in glycolysis, PEP to pyruvate conversion<\/td><td>Shikonin, Compound 3K, TEPP-46<\/td><td>Ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, glioblastoma<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Glutaminase (GLS)<\/td><td>First step in glutamine metabolism, glutamine to glutamate<\/td><td>CB-839 (Telaglenastat), DON<\/td><td>Triple-negative breast cancer, hematological malignancies<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>FASN<\/td><td>Key enzyme in de novo lipogenesis (DNL)<\/td><td>Cerulenin, Orlistat, TVB-2640<\/td><td>Prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>SCD<\/td><td>Conversion of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids<\/td><td>CAY10566, MK-8245, A939572, CVT-11127<\/td><td>Ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ACLY<\/td><td>Links glucose metabolism to fatty acid synthesis<\/td><td>BMS-303141, SB-204990, Bempedoic acid<\/td><td>Ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IDH<\/td><td>Catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to \u03b1-ketoglutarate<\/td><td>Ivosidenib, Enasidenib, Vorasidenib, Zotiraciclib<\/td><td>AML, cholangiocarcinoma, glioma, chondrosarcoma<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_The_Tumor_Microenvironment_and_Metabolic_Interaction\"><\/span>4. The Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolic Interaction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper illustreret ved cellelignende element i midten og forskellige former i kreds om denne. Tunger ud til baggrund i lilla.\" class=\"wp-image-10356\" style=\"width:auto;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9-100x100.jpeg 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9-600x600.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper9.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Complex Network<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells do not exist in isolation; they constantly interact with their surrounding environment, known as the tumor microenvironment (TME) <a href=\"#(13)\">(13)<\/a>. The TME consists of various cell types, including immune cells, fibroblasts (connective tissue cells), blood vessels (endothelial cells), and the extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of proteins and other molecules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The interactions between cancer cells and these components of the TME play a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, metastasis (spread), and resistance to treatment. Interestingly, metabolism in the TME is also strongly involved in these processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metabolic Symbiosis and Competition<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a complex metabolic interaction between cancer cells and the other cells in the TME. For example, cancer cells that primarily use glycolysis (the Warburg effect) may secrete large amounts of lactate. This lactate can be taken up by other cancer cells in different areas of the tumor, or by stromal cells such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, which can use it as an energy source via oxidative phosphorylation <a href=\"#(14)\">(14)<\/a>. This form of metabolic &#8220;division of labor&#8221; or metabolic symbiosis can promote tumor growth and survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conversely, there may also be metabolic competition within the TME. Cancer cells compete with immune cells for important nutrients such as glucose and glutamine <a href=\"#(15)\">(15)<\/a>. The high consumption of glucose by cancer cells can create a glucose-poor environment that inhibits the activity of certain immune cell types, such as cytotoxic T cells, which are essential for killing cancer cells. Similarly, a lack of other nutrients in the TME may negatively affect the immune response.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metabolic Reprogramming of TME Components<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells can also actively reprogram the metabolism of other cells in the TME in order to promote their own survival and growth. For example, cancer cells may secrete signaling molecules that induce a &#8220;cancer-associated fibroblast&#8221; (CAF) phenotype in normal fibroblasts. CAFs display altered metabolism and produce growth factors, cytokines, and ECM components that support tumor growth, angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels), and immunosuppression <a href=\"#(16)\">(16)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More specifically, cancer cells may secrete:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Extracellular vesicles (EVs):<\/strong> Small vesicles released from cells containing proteins, RNA, and other molecules that can be transferred to other cells and alter their function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cytokines:<\/strong> These are small signaling proteins that can affect immune cells and other cell types in the TME. Examples include TGF-beta and TNF-alpha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Chemokines:<\/strong> A subgroup of cytokines that specifically attract immune cells and other cells to the tumor. Examples include CXCL12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Growth factors:<\/strong> Proteins that stimulate cell growth and division. Examples include VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), which promotes the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis), and PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Enzymes:<\/strong> Cancer cells can secrete enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which break down the extracellular matrix and facilitate invasion and metastasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Metabolites:<\/strong> Waste products from the altered metabolism of cancer cells, such as lactate, can affect the pH value in the TME and influence the function of immune cells and fibroblasts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Therapeutic Consequences of TME Metabolism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding the metabolic interactions in the TME provides new opportunities for therapeutic intervention (treatment). By targeting metabolism, not only in the cancer cells themselves but also in the supportive cells within the TME, it may be possible to create a more unfavorable environment for tumor growth and improve the effect of other treatments, such as immunotherapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, inhibition of lactate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4) on both cancer cells and stromal cells (supportive tissue) may disrupt metabolic symbiosis and potentially inhibit tumor growth <a href=\"#(14)\">(14)<\/a>. Similarly, strategies aimed at &#8220;reviving&#8221; metabolism in immune cells within the TME may improve their ability to fight cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Metabolic Heterogeneity Within Tumors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to note that there is often considerable metabolic heterogeneity (variation) within a single tumor <a href=\"#(17)\">(17)<\/a>. Cancer cells in different areas of the tumor may have different access to nutrients and oxygen, which can lead to differences in their metabolic profiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cells in oxygen-poor (hypoxic) areas of the tumor are often more dependent on glycolysis, whereas cells closer to blood vessels may have a higher degree of oxidative phosphorylation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This metabolic heterogeneity may influence treatment response, since different metabolic profiles may make cells more or less sensitive to specific metabolic inhibitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"nye-behandlinger\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Clinical_Translation_and_Therapeutic_Strategies_Under_Development\"><\/span>5. Clinical Translation and Therapeutic Strategies Under Development<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4-150x150.png\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper. Her er et billede, der viser kulhydratmetabolismen i kr\u00e6ftceller og deres mikromilj\u00f8\" class=\"wp-image-10202\" style=\"width:auto;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper4.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The promising results from preclinical research into targeting cancer metabolism are increasingly being translated into clinical practice. Several inhibitors of central metabolic enzymes are currently being evaluated in clinical trials, either as stand-alone treatments or in combination with other anticancer drugs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inhibitors in Clinical Trials<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As mentioned earlier, inhibitors of glutaminase (e.g. telaglenastat\/CB-839), MCT1 (e.g. AZD3965), and IDH (e.g. ivosidenib, vorasidenib) are among the metabolic drugs that have shown promising results in early clinical studies <a href=\"#(18)\">(18)<\/a>. Telaglenastat, an oral glutaminase inhibitor, has been investigated in combination with other treatments in various advanced solid tumors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AZD3965, a selective inhibitor of MCT1 and MCT4, has been evaluated in phase I clinical trials and has been shown to be well tolerated and to have an effect on tumor metabolism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among IDH inhibitors, ivosidenib and enasidenib have received FDA approval in the United States for the treatment of certain forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with specific IDH1 or IDH2 mutations, underscoring the clinical validity of targeting cancer-specific metabolic changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vorasidenib is another IDH inhibitor that has shown significant improvement in progression-free survival in patients with low-grade gliomas with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations and has received FDA approval in the United States for this indication.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bempedoic acid, an ACLY inhibitor, is approved for cholesterol lowering, but its potential as an anticancer drug is also being investigated in clinical studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ketogenic Diet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dr. Thomas Seyfried has been a driving force behind the research into, and advocacy for, the use of ketogenic diets in clinical trials, especially in aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma. His work has helped initiate (start) and shape many of the studies evaluating the diet&#8217;s feasibility, safety, and potential to affect tumor growth and patient survival. This is often in combination with standard treatments or other metabolic inhibitors such as 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) <a href=\"#(26)\">(26)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combination Therapies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An important strategy for improving the effectiveness of metabolic inhibitors and overcoming potential mechanisms of resistance is to combine them with other forms of cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or other targeted therapies <a href=\"#(19)\">(19)<\/a>. For example, the combination of glutaminase inhibitors with chemotherapy is being investigated in certain cancer types. Preclinical studies have also suggested synergistic effects from combining ACLY inhibition with PD-L1 blockade (a type of immunotherapy) to improve the immune response against tumors. Similarly, combinations of hexokinase and PKM2 inhibitors with traditional chemotherapeutic agents are being evaluated to increase sensitivity and improve treatment outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Challenges and Perspectives<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The development of effective and selective metabolic inhibitors is not without challenges. Many metabolic pathways are closely interconnected, and the enzymes targeted by therapy often also play important roles in the function of normal cells, increasing the risk of toxicity and side effects. In addition, cancer cells may develop resistance mechanisms to metabolic inhibitors by activating alternative metabolic pathways or altering the expression of the target enzyme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite these challenges, the field of metabolic targeting in cancer treatment remains a promising area with significant potential. The growing understanding of the complex metabolic changes in cancer and the interactions within the tumor microenvironment is paving the way for the development of more specific and effective therapeutic strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Future research efforts will likely focus on identifying biomarkers that can predict which patients will benefit most from specific metabolic therapies, developing more selective inhibitors with fewer side effects, and exploring new combination strategies that can attack cancer cells on several metabolic fronts simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 2: Examples of Clinical Trials With Metabolic Inhibitors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Target enzyme<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Inhibitor(s)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Cancer type(s)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Phase<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Status<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Glutaminase<\/td><td>CB-839<\/td><td>Various solid tumors and hematological malignancies<\/td><td>I\u2013II<\/td><td>Ongoing \/ Completed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>MCT1<\/td><td>AZD3965<\/td><td>Various solid tumors<\/td><td>I<\/td><td>Completed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IDH1<\/td><td>Ivosidenib<\/td><td>AML, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, glioma<\/td><td>I\u2013III<\/td><td>Approved for certain indications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>IDH1\/2<\/td><td>Vorasidenib<\/td><td>Low-grade gliomas<\/td><td>III<\/td><td>Approved<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>ACLY<\/td><td>Bempedoic acid<\/td><td>Dyslipidemia (also being investigated in cancer)<\/td><td>III<\/td><td>Approved for dyslipidemia<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"diaetisk-tilgang\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Can_Cancer_Be_Starved_Through_Dietary_Approaches\"><\/span>6. Can Cancer Be Starved Through Dietary Approaches<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3-150x150.png\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper. Her er et billede, der viser metabolisme generelt i kr\u00e6ftceller og deres mikromilj\u00f8\" class=\"wp-image-10201\" style=\"width:auto;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper3.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Seyfried&#8217;s Central Thesis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The idea of influencing cancer through dietary changes, especially by restricting glucose through a ketogenic diet, is a field of research in which Dr. Thomas Seyfried has been a pioneer and to which he continues to dedicate his research. His central thesis, described in detail in his book <em>Cancer as a Metabolic Disease<\/em> (25), is that cancer is fundamentally a disease caused by damaged mitochondrial respiration, which forces cells to switch to fermentation (glycolysis) for energy (26). He argues passionately that a ketogenic diet, by reducing blood glucose and insulin and increasing ketone bodies, can exploit this metabolic vulnerability and create a metabolic environment that is directly unfavorable to many cancer cells that primarily depend on glucose for energy, while at the same time supporting the health of normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rationale behind this concept is that by depriving cancer cells of their primary fuel sources, one can potentially inhibit their growth and survival (20).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ketogenic diets, which are characterized by a very low carbohydrate content and a high fat content, force the body to shift its primary energy substrate from glucose to ketone bodies. This shift in energy source is thought to create a metabolic environment that is unfavorable to cancer cells, which in many cases are highly dependent on glucose. Similarly, restriction of glutamine intake is being investigated as a possible strategy, since many cancer cells have an increased need for this amino acid for both energy production and biosynthesis (21).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ketogen-lchf\/\">Ketogenic Diet &#8211; LCHF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/carnivore\/\">Carnivore Diet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Clinical Evidence for Dietary Interventions<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although preclinical studies in cell cultures and animal models have shown some promising results for dietary interventions in specific cancer types, robust clinical evidence in humans is still limited and complex (22). Ketogenic diets have in some smaller clinical studies been shown to be feasible and to have minimal side effects in certain patient groups with specific cancer types, such as glioblastoma (an aggressive brain tumor). These studies have in some cases reported disease stabilization or even some tumor reduction. However, it is important to note that the effectiveness of dietary restriction appears to vary considerably depending on the cancer type, the genetic composition\/origin of the tumor, and individual patient factors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When it comes to glutamine restriction, the picture is even more complex. The body is able to produce glutamine itself, and cancer cells can potentially adapt and obtain glutamine from other metabolic pathways or from the breakdown of proteins (21). This makes it difficult to achieve effective systemic glutamine restriction solely through diet without potentially causing significant malnutrition and other negative health effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some smaller clinical studies, including studies inspired by Dr. Seyfried&#8217;s work, have shown that a ketogenic diet can be feasible and, as mentioned above, have certain effects in patients with specific cancer types such as glioblastoma, but more extensive research is needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Misconceptions About &#8220;Starving Cancer&#8221;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are widespread misconceptions, especially in popular culture and on the internet, that cancer can be treated effectively simply by reducing overall food intake or drastically restricting carbohydrates in order to &#8220;starve&#8221; tumors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It should be mentioned here that leading oncologists still emphasize the importance of cancer patients maintaining a healthy and balanced diet in order to support their overall health, preserve muscle mass, strengthen the immune system, and improve tolerance of conventional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy (23).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Severe and uncontrolled restriction of nutrients can lead to malnutrition, weight loss, muscle wasting (cachexia), and a general deterioration of the patient&#8217;s condition, which can have serious and even life-threatening consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dietary interventions in cancer patients should therefore be considered potential complementary strategies and should only be implemented under the guidance and supervision of qualified healthcare professionals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One should never regard a diet &#8211; however effective it may appear to be &#8211; as an intervention that can stand alone as a treatment for cancer. (I do not actually think that a ketogenic diet carries a particularly high risk of muscle loss, since it normally includes relatively large amounts of protein (and fat), but possibly a risk of vitamin deficiencies).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In this context, it should be mentioned that Dr. Seyfried&#8217;s approach, although restrictive, is based on a specific scientific hypothesis and differs from more general and uninformed &#8220;starvation diets&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Role of Evidence-Based Nutritional Guidance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the idea of &#8220;starving cancer&#8221; through dietary interventions is theoretically appealing and has shown some promising results in preclinical models, the scientific basis for its broad effectiveness in humans is still under development and requires careful interpretation (22).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is biologically plausible that restricting nutrients on which cancer cells are highly dependent (e.g. glucose) could potentially inhibit their growth. However, the complex metabolic system of the human body and the remarkable ability of cancer cells to adapt to changes in their environment make it challenging to effectively &#8220;starve&#8221; tumors through diet alone, without also negatively affecting the patient&#8217;s overall health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dietary interventions should therefore be regarded as potential complementary strategies that can be used in combination with conventional cancer treatments. While extreme and uncontrolled dietary restrictions are strongly discouraged, specific dietary approaches, such as a supervised ketogenic diet, may potentially play a supportive role in the treatment of certain cancer types in selected individuals, when integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan and closely monitored by a multidisciplinary treatment team. However, more extensive and well-designed clinical studies are needed to define the specific contexts (cancer types, stages, patient characteristics) and the precise protocols in which these dietary interventions may be beneficial and safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers such as Dr. Thomas Seyfried emphasize the importance of understanding cancer as a metabolic disease, which may potentially open up new dietary strategies as a supplement to conventional treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Table 3: Dietary Interventions in Cancer: Rationale and Evidence<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Dietary intervention<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Rationale<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Evidence<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Ketogenic diet<\/strong><\/td><td>Restricts glucose and forces the body to use ketones as an energy source<\/td><td>Preclinical studies show potential in certain cancer types; robust clinical evidence in humans remains limited, but the approach appears to have minimal toxicity.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Glutamine restriction<\/strong><\/td><td>Restricts the availability of an important nutrient for cancer cells<\/td><td>Cancer cells may produce glutamine themselves or obtain it from alternative sources; evidence for effectiveness as a monotherapy remains limited.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-072ffe0588bd6506d484faa2882ac855\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Conclusion_The_Future_of_Targeting_Cancer_Metabolism\"><\/span>7. Conclusion: The Future of Targeting Cancer Metabolism<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2-150x150.png\" alt=\"Metaboliske principper. Her er et billede, der viser kr\u00e6ftmetabolismen p\u00e5 en mere abstrakt og stiliseret m\u00e5de\" class=\"wp-image-10200\" style=\"width:auto;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper2.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significant Progress<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Targeting the unique metabolism of cancer cells as a treatment strategy has secured significant advances in our understanding of the complex metabolic changes that characterize cancer cells, and in the development of therapeutic strategies specifically aimed at exploiting these metabolic vulnerabilities (24).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the groundbreaking discovery of the Warburg effect almost a century ago, the field of research has developed significantly, and in recent times researchers such as Dr. Thomas Seyfried have played a crucial role in reviving and further developing the metabolic theory of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Significant Challenges Ahead<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite these advances, there are still significant challenges that must be overcome in order to realize the full potential of metabolically targeted cancer treatment. Achieving sufficient selectivity for cancer cells, minimizing toxicity to normal cells, understanding and overcoming the complex mechanisms of resistance development, and effectively translating promising preclinical results into broad clinical success remain central areas of research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exciting Opportunities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research into targeting cancer metabolism, from the early observations of Otto Warburg to the continued and dedicated work of contemporary researchers such as Dr. Thomas Seyfried, continues to promise exciting opportunities for the development of new treatment strategies. His insistence on viewing cancer primarily as a metabolic disease has inspired renewed interest in dietary approaches (as complementary treatment) and has led to clinical trials, especially within aggressive cancer types such as glioblastoma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In summary, targeting cancer metabolism is a highly promising therapeutic field, and Dr. Thomas Seyfried&#8217;s contributions have been crucial in advancing the understanding of the role of diets in this context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combined Treatment Strategies<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The full potential requires continued intensive research, innovative technological advances, and a shift toward more personalized and combined treatment strategies. The integration of metabolic targeting, including the dietary strategies highlighted by Dr. Seyfried, with other groundbreaking cancer therapies, such as immunotherapy, may open up new and more effective ways of treating this complex and challenging disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, it is crucial to address widespread misconceptions about dietary approaches and ensure that patients receive evidence-based nutritional guidance as an integrated part of their cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/nutrition-and-diet-in-cancer\/\">Nutrition and Diet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/integrativ-onkologi\/\">Integrative Oncology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disorder<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To be continued&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-485790e51077e9636b3d4b79d3c87ead wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"referencer\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6460df1db9fd4da3ce1998315d6f21f1 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(1)\">(1) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heraldopenaccess.us\/journals\/journal-of-cell-biology-cell-metabolism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cell Biology &amp; Cell Metabolism<\/a> (Journal of Cell Biology, 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d8a3718addec5463be935d659e7d7bd8 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(2)\">(2) <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jnci\/article-abstract\/96\/24\/1805\/2521091?login=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Energy Boost: The Warburg Effect Returns in a New Theory of Cancer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c00384\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&nbsp;<\/a> (Journal of the National Cancer Institute, dec. 2004)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7813e267179c3ac5afa6d25d92a35725 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(3)\">(3) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.123.3191.309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">On the origin of cancer cells<\/a> (Science, 1956)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8247603f52cbb93a8cc229d72d6436cc wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(4)\">(4) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/publications\/dictionaries\/cancer-terms\/def\/pet-scan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PET Scans for Cancer Detection<\/a> (National Cancer Institute, 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-270fd504c8c8fe8f436ebdc90dd160bf wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(5)\">(5) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2849637\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation<\/a> (PubMed, maj 2009)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8daebf21e5489a0c86172050682a1d30 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(6)\">(6) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35022204\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions<\/a> (PubMed, Cancer Discovery, januar 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ba213d57c7c21df72bf91ed24812c0e7 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(7)\">(7) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18393789\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Warburg effect: why and how do cancer cells activate glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?<\/a> (PubMed, april 2008)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2e574521391b33da7ce11dd307bfeaa2 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(8)\">(8) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6589696\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tristetraprolin-mediated hexokinase 2 expression regulation contributes to glycolysis in cancer cells<\/a> (PubMed, Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, marts 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-01fca11c5f9eb38744236d2290319309 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(9)\">(9) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8029046\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Role of Pyruvate Kinase M2 in Cancer Metabolism<\/a> (PubMed 2015)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f7abf3bfe44d9b766bbe736c93ee5e35 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(10)\">(10)<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11760113\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Glutamine and cancer: metabolism, immune microenvironment, and therapeutic targets<\/a> (PubMed, Genes &amp; Development, jan. 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2289a015325d8ca859d162906f695886 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(11)\">(11) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40311223\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lipid metabolism in cancer<\/a> (PubMed, FEBS Journal, april 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-532f12032a1596a4bed1e0e12483fc1e wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(12)\">(12) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27005468\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">IDH mutations in cancer and progress toward therapeutic strategies<\/a> (PubMed, Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, april 2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e1b300b98f5433dbdf83141cbc582621 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(13)\">(13) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-018-02834-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The tumour microenvironment creates a niche for the self-renewal of tumour-promoting macrophages in colon adenoma<\/a> (Nature, feb. 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0a10fd402f7a3cdcfbb35b4b9ce08335 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(14)\">(14) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2582933\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Targeting lactate-fueled respiration selectively kills hypoxic tumor cells in mice<\/a> (Journal of Clinical Investigation, nov. 2008)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d2ff7fb7ca4a66db8652126b39dfe03d wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(15)\">(15) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40207307\/?utm_source=SimplePie&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=pubmed-2&amp;utm_content=1bAXfGTh08tVk-e1kpwuqxoVfiUn_5olMN9ewCML2bdAMGPEOD&amp;fc=20220524054416&amp;ff=20250410104746&amp;v=2.18.0.post9+e462414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reprogramming glucose metabolism of tumors to enhance cancer immunotherapy <\/a>(Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, april 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143985b3fa2f69587662c16f36d75daa wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(16)\">(16) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27550820\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer<\/a> (Nature Reviews Cancer, aug. 2016)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13720b539c418f58feb9d3db1ddfb1ed wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(17)\">(17) <a href=\"https:\/\/library.oapen.org\/handle\/20.500.12657\/49522\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism<\/a> (Open Access, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e387bc1edad63d7d071d2a10789d2150 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(18)\">(18) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5746034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Targeting Metabolic Vulnerabilities to Combat Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapy<\/a> (PubMed, MDPI, jan. 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-419ec088c644f3a31ea292e85de1693c wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(19)\">(19) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2075-4426\/15\/2\/50\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer and therapeutic opportunities<\/a> (Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology, august 2020)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e3c59eca4037ba54367c4f7a8eed2922 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(20)\">(20) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Cancer-Metabolic-Disease-Management-Prevention\/dp\/0470584920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cancer as a metabolic disease: on the origin, management, and prevention of cancer<\/a> (John Wiley &amp; Sons, 2012)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-afddf3fb16cd296523e1a8557bf2d16c wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(21)\">(21) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC2917518\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Glutamine Addiction: A New Therapeutic Target in Cancer<\/a> (PubMed, aug. 2010)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8e8e578061e5186705aa1a06e978cee1 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(22)\">(22) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5842847\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ketogenic diet in cancer therapy<\/a> (PubMed, feb. 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9f1415ee5f4ed5fb79949059504d2105 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(23)\">(23) <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC3132494\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications<\/a> (PubMed, juni 2011)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f4da08368cc231c7b5ca6d2b06f6a6d4 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(24)\">(24) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2304-8158\/14\/10\/1713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Food Iminosugars and Related Synthetic Derivatives Shift Energy Metabolism and Induce Structural Changes in Colon Cancer Cell Lines<\/a> (MDPI, Trends in Cancer, foods, april 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c43a02e91986154c93f1b094517d9dcb wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(25)\">(25) Bog: <a href=\"https:\/\/bibliotek.dk\/materiale\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease_thomas-n-seyfried-1946-\/work-of%3A800010-katalog%3A99122654060905763?type=bog&amp;tid=EC4Ta1749204190440550457223\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease: On the Origin, Management, and Prevention of Cancer<\/a> (Af Dr. Thomas Seyfried, Amazon)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-caad514894e1ed6881d595108f33a3c9 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(26)\">(26) <a href=\"https:\/\/brokenscience.org\/treating-pancreatic-cancer-could-metabolism-not-genomics-be-the-key\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Treating Pancreatic Cancer: Could Metabolism\u2014Not Genomics\u2014Be the Key?<\/a> (Broken Science, april 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f77eb59ae4d2a9e5a2fbe892732ed537 wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"(27)\">(27) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bc.edu\/bc-web\/schools\/morrissey\/departments\/biology\/people\/faculty-directory\/thomas-seyfried.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas N. Seyfried<\/a> (Boston Colleges hjemmeside)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links &#8211; Additional<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-284bf93d2b40d22120cb16a18ddcf10f wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.getsurrey.co.uk\/news\/health\/expert-says-ketogenic-diet-prevents-30093069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Expert says ketogenic diet &#8216;prevents&#8217; and &#8216;destroys&#8217; cancer &#8211; best foods to eat<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Get Surrey)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0033c4353d80807c0029567905bfbfff wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dsom.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Cancer-som-metabolisk-lidelse-Carsten-Vagn-Hansen-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cancer som metabolisk lidelse, Den rigtige vej <\/a>(Carsten Vagn Hansen, DSOM)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ec47ebe1430d998fd354c039b677dcca wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">Video:<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PRHNxoHdpYY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Thomas Seyfried reveals: Cancer is a Metabolic Disease, not Genetic!<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Dr. Thomas Seyfried Charity Channel, YouTube)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b85bcd9c4c71f5b1a4ebdbe12d1a85cf wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.childrenwithcancer.org.uk\/childhood-cancer-info\/we-fund-research\/projects-we-fund\/could-a-special-diet-help-to-treat-or-prevent-childhood-gliomas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investigating metabolic mechanisms driving childhood brain cancer <\/a>(Children With Cancer, UK)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81f0484d133bfe2734e877424fe313a1 wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">Bog:<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/bibliotek.dk\/materiale\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease_thomas-n-seyfried-1946-\/work-of%3A800010-katalog%3A99122654060905763?type=bog&amp;tid=nj5Nq17460365129592470520523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Af Thomas Seyfried)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a237a3da82fb9f40a6e21f4b297bd7e4 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bc.edu\/bc-web\/schools\/morrissey\/departments\/biology\/people\/faculty-directory\/thomas-seyfried.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thomas N. Seyfried<\/a> (Boston Colleges hjemmeside)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a4475e9ea3dd187b8e1cbdf188aff59d wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thepaleodiet.com\/thomas-seyfrieds-metabolic-theory-cancer-how-the-paleo-diet-diet-help-curtail-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas Seyfried\u2019s Metabolic Theory of Cancer and How The Paleo Diet Could Help Curtail the Disease<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(The Paleo Diet)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c53945b4a8a549ad1ff284fc7fde33d7 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/isom.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Targeting-the-Mitochondrial-Stem-Cell-Connection-in-Cancer-Treatment-JOM-39.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting the Mitochondrial-Stem Cell Connection in Cancer<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ec081f93461a156f51ad270049cbc082 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/isom.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Targeting-the-Mitochondrial-Stem-Cell-Connection-in-Cancer-Treatment-JOM-39.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treatment: A Hybrid Orthomolecular Protocol<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-635c19306d917e05b3f64ad213ac8cbf wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/how-breast-cancer-goes-hungry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How breast cancer goes hungry<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd268b0ce4ba5a6c4e0481c7dff4648b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/iom.dk\/cancer-som-metabolisk-lidelse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer som metabolisk lidelse<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(IOM)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80f65560bd6256846dec2f1590f772a1 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.howtostarvecancer.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to starve cancer<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Jane McLellands homepage)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8b34af2322bbac45a8a89a99885aaa88 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sciencenews.dk\/da\/insulinresistens-spiller-vigtig-rolle-ved-kraeft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Insulinresistens spiller vigtig rolle ved kr\u00e6ft<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Science News.dk)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f8b032531c3dd5becb410ba0e8589e50 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/onkologisktidsskrift.dk\/behandlinger\/3036-forskningsgruppeleder-kronisk-forhojet-insulin-kan-drive-kraeftrisiko-ved-svaer-overvaegt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Forskningsgruppeleder: Kronisk forh\u00f8jet insulin kan drive kr\u00e6ftrisiko ved sv\u00e6r overv\u00e6gt<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Onkologisk Tidsskrift)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-939869eff64a442436fe85b4ae069b87 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39285269\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolism of primary high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) cells under limited glutamine or glucose availability<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(PubMed)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e75da7ce1ebdba93c0244f65c60d5311 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4783224\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells?<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(PubMed, 2017)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-08f5a06b3376658484657d19cc53f520 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4195816\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Warburg effect in tumor progression: Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(PubMed)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bf8872ae0837288bf8fbe4f01551e363 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/waocp.com\/journal\/index.php\/apjcb\/article\/view\/1263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">On the Origin of the Warburg Effect in Cancer Cells: Controlling Cancer as a Metabolic Disease<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f24e013ce1f27a096ae926cc26b8b924 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/3\/504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic\/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth<\/a> <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">(MDPI)<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96f1bbab4361074cb5df53d8ee92508f wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40122433\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Function of intramitochondrial melatonin and its association with Warburg metabolism<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Content:<\/strong> Melatonin may reduce abnormal energy metabolism in cancer cells by restoring pyruvate entry into the mitochondria, lowering ROS levels, and inhibiting tumor growth, making it a potential treatment for cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29c87978593ce3a40f3a5f6a07f89ab2 wp-block-paragraph\">Video:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@TheDiaryOfACEO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Cancer Doctor: \u201cThis Common Food Is Making Cancer Worse!\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@TheDiaryOfACEO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><\/a>The Diary Of A CEO, interview m professor dr. Thomas Seyfried, YouTube, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Content:<\/strong> Prof. Dr. Thomas Seyfried discusses cancer as a metabolic disease &#8220;fed&#8221; by glucose and his theory of &#8220;starving&#8221; cancer cells through diet and fasting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Site created:<\/strong> May 12, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on Jeg har Kr\u00e6ft is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Metaboliske-principper8.png&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-a888fc01\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metabolic_Principles_in_Cancer_Treatment_Reference_List\"><\/span>Metabolic Principles in Cancer Treatment<br>Reference List<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On cancer cells\u2019 unique appetite\u2014and how it might be turned against them. (Illustrations should be considered as vignettes.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Contents, Section 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#introduktion\">Cancer cells\u2019 unique energy needs<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#warburg-effekten\">The Warburg effect<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#centrale-veje\">Which energy pathways are being targeted<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#tumormikromiljoet\">The role of the tumor microenvironment<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#nye-behandlinger\">New treatments on the horizon<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#diaetisk-tilgang\">Can cancer be starved with diet?<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#konklusion\">Conclusion: The future<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#referencer\">Reference list for the text<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67dddca4718bfff76a9bf31875ab9449\"><strong><a href=\"#omfattende-referenceliste\">Comprehensive reference list for the topic as a whole<\/a> (scroll down)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37ce1a762b041e7bab24ac807e243610\">Comprehensive reference list for the topic\u2014compiled by Gemini<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(It has not been verified)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1bb2a05ae726f3f571a115da1f149362\">Lipid metabolism in cancer progression and therapeutic strategies &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34766135\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34766135\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7298623dca6504f47aee933d19a4ac8d\">Targeting Cancer Metabolism: A Review of Therapeutic Strategies &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10182448\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10182448\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-919f7ece8318b5ae291211f935a2ee30\">The Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2011) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3246191\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3246191\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e6b8897e8f4dca383d7a1684c527ea4b\">Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and its role in cancer progression &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10265442\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10265442\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92d96fedd94d0e6d5ca2bebdcaa458f2\">Targeting the Warburg Effect in Cancer: Where Do We Stand? &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/6\/3142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/6\/3142<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39e4da10f5d364bc83511ab69ea36bb8\">Warburg effect &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2025) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warburg_effect_(oncology)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warburg_effect_(oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-360874c6f4e1c94e27be283d07581ac1\">The Warburg Effect 97 Years after Its Discovery &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2020) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7589134\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7589134\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69eb1733e3fa3f554ea910ddb5c82049\">The Emerging Role of NRF2 in Mitochondrial Function &#8211; More Than Health (More Than Health, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/morethanhealth.dk\/products\/l-glutamin-1000-mg-120-kapsler-now-foods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/morethanhealth.dk\/products\/l-glutamin-1000-mg-120-kapsler-now-foods<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fdcf802d4b120e0e024b7954b79e551d\">Glycolysis and Cancer: Warburg Effect and Beyond &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10053182\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10053182\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2d06a423df6801eb4aa5a63fc29226df\">The Warburg effect as an adaptation of cancer cells to rapid fluctuations in energy demand &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2017) <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0185085\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0185085<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4c75fe3425d694dce8ea5fd4f6afacfa\">The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells? &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2016) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4774429\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4774429\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39e4da10f5d364bc83511ab69ea36bb8\">Warburg effect &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2025) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warburg_effect_(oncology)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Warburg_effect_(oncology<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d12b89ce18e81dbf8400f40258770fb5\">PET\/CT-scanning &#8211; Kr\u00e6ftens Bek\u00e6mpelse (cancer.dk, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.dk\/fakta-kraeft\/undersoegelser-for-kraeft\/scanning\/pet-ct-scanning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.dk\/fakta-kraeft\/undersoegelser-for-kraeft\/scanning\/pet-ct-scanning\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d12b89ce18e81dbf8400f40258770fb5\">PET\/CT-scanning &#8211; Kr\u00e6ftens Bek\u00e6mpelse (cancer.dk, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.dk\/fakta-kraeft\/undersoegelser-for-kraeft\/scanning\/pet-ct-scanning\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.dk\/fakta-kraeft\/undersoegelser-for-kraeft\/scanning\/pet-ct-scanning\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6afd6ef57569a571b6088f777545910b\">Biomarkers from the Warburg effect could aid early cancer detection &#8211; Owlstone Medical (Owlstone Medical, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.owlstonemedical.com\/about\/blog\/2021\/jun\/22\/biomarkers-warburg-cancer-early-detection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.owlstonemedical.com\/about\/blog\/2021\/jun\/22\/biomarkers-warburg-cancer-early-detection\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a244faef057ff37b2176322121185d5b\">The Warburg Effect: A Brief Overview of Its History and Implications for Cancer Therapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10182448\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10182448\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8e078c733c458601095867eeb56e5449\">The Reverse Warburg Effect: Glycolysis Inhibitors Prevent the Tumor Promoting Effects of Caveolin-1 Deficient Cancer Associated Fibroblasts &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2010) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3236330\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3236330\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4c75fe3425d694dce8ea5fd4f6afacfa\">The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells? &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2016) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4774429\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4774429\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7cb032438f5004d41f139c43ee0c8227\">Hexokinase &#8211; an overview | ScienceDirect Topics (ScienceDirect, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/hexokinase\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology\/hexokinase<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9a332644b9a17fa4c95017004d84f1e5\">Hexokinase 2 in Cancer: A Prima Donna Playing Multiple Characters &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8144897\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8144897\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-081e17d12deb28aed5a0622c5db252d6\">Hexokinase 2 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by regulating lactate production in pancreatic cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2017) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5542730\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5542730\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5075c60c3212f735bd0757ae87510aa1\">HK2 &#8211; Hexokinase 2 &#8211; GeneCards | HK2 Gene (genecards.org, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.genecards.org\/cgi-bin\/carddisp.pl?gene=HK2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.genecards.org\/cgi-bin\/carddisp.pl?gene=HK2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9e2a92b7db1502373ba7684d5f6454c8\">The development of small-molecule inhibitors targeting hexokinase 2 &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9373398\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9373398\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d554744405440d3c3c700aa900e96634\">Novel selective hexokinase 2 inhibitor Benitrobenrazide blocks cancer cells growth by targeting glycolysis &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7725710\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7725710\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fc06e16820ac0ef385c6364f8dba8a28\">Pyruvate Kinase M2, Multiple Faces for Conferring Drug Resistance to Cancer Cells &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2012) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-760d69d58fc529cc880048498633f7ef\">PKM2 and cancer: The function of PKM2 beyond glycolysis &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2016) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4783224\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4783224\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9de97eacf4dfe69d1fd282d3b5515a1d\">Pyruvate kinase M2: multiple faces for conferring drug resistance to cancer cells &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2012) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eb42cf3ca41a7b8ae3c95a97cf5ffb05\">PKM2 promotes glucose metabolism and cell growth in gliomas through a mechanism involving a let-7a\/c-Myc\/hnRNPA1 feedback loop &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2015) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4431498\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4431498\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131dc40ded1d6ebc52a47476ba0f26fb\">PKM2 promotes metastasis by recruiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and indicates poor prognosis for hepatocellular carcinoma &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2015) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4357029\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4357029\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38f8ee82744f8a273f7c9015866b2306\">PKM2 Interacts With the Cdk1-CyclinB Complex to Facilitate Cell Cycle Progression in Gliomas &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8947449\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8947449\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fc06e16820ac0ef385c6364f8dba8a28\">Pyruvate Kinase M2, Multiple Faces for Conferring Drug Resistance to Cancer Cells &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2012) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0e3c08879c987f0a96eab0dea86d0807\">Shikonin &#8211; an overview | ScienceDirect Topics (ScienceDirect, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science\/shikonin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science\/shikonin<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5da069a898bc1f48de29af30c45b47b6\">Specific Pyruvate Kinase M2 Inhibitor, Compound 3K, Induces Autophagic Cell Death through Disruption of the Glycolysis Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cells &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2017) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5746034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5746034\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12ac84e9d938f5d2119d2c18446d4181\">Abstract 479: Novel specific PKM2 inhibitor, compound 3h, induces apoptotic and autophagic cell death through Akt\/mTOR signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells | Cancer Research | American Association for Cancer Research (AACR Journals, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerres\/article\/83\/7_Supplement\/479\/719660\/Abstract-479-Novel-specific-PKM2-inhibitor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/aacrjournals.org\/cancerres\/article\/83\/7_Supplement\/479\/719660\/Abstract-479-Novel-specific-PKM2-inhibitor<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1586c83216e8453c2f6be9c381617574\">Pyruvate kinase M2 activators promote tetramer formation and suppress tumorigenesis &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2012) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b3636772c788b0073be64335a2a587c0\">PKM2 phosphorylates histone H3 and promotes gene transcription and tumorigenesis &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2012) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3478783\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27775786bb4e3d3cb1642fe419b4cb68\">Pyruvate kinase M2 facilitates colon cancer cell migration via the modulation of STAT3 signalling &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2014) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4130706\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4130706\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cd5cd016d82b9cd7bbb699e6616b310f\">Glutamine metabolism to cancer therapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2016) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5484415\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5484415\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155797789688589f43c1da3173416ff3\">Glutamine metabolism in cancer: challenges and opportunities for therapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2018) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5746034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5746034\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a26d2c473629bdf72851e8ca1bd27e03\">Glutamine transporters as therapeutic targets in cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8777849\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8777849\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d5fdc9e478a3e5cb285757d9bb35e92b\">Glutamine Transporters and Cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8777849\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8777849\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b118c3d2a1549991be195d7efb941fa5\">Glutamine and Cancer: What You Need to Know &#8211; Healthline (Healthline, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/glutamine-and-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/glutamine-and-cancer<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fddb3a68599a9149c96039bd70b8f57e\">Glutaminase regulation in cancer cells: a druggable chain of events &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2014) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4080372\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4080372\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8d7b3886814e1da38bd3c1b8b5a2b995\">Novel approach combines glutaminase and HuR blockade to suppress breast cancer growth &#8211; News-Medical.net (News-Medical.net, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20240927\/Novel-approach-combines-glutaminase-and-HuR-blockade-to-suppress-breast-cancer-growth.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.news-medical.net\/news\/20240927\/Novel-approach-combines-glutaminase-and-HuR-blockade-to-suppress-breast-cancer-growth.aspx<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4272c5fb90972686e6228c7a844b4d10\">Clinical Trials of Glutaminase Inhibitors in Cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9064286\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9064286\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9469516ea1c52924836b35281fdb7982\">6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-797ec1fc533a4ceedcc5f403672d24ed\">Glutamine uptake inhibition in tumor cells improves T cell\u2013mediated anti-tumor immunity &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8085418\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8085418\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a65558828b36cd82b31160cdb4abcc51\">Lipid Metabolism in Cancer Cells &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8008844\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8008844\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3ebf78e760e3ec7d5ff0e110098700ff\">Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2018) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5993136\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5993136\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-342c69d1446437e7b9f73d69cc678373\">Fatty Acid Synthase: A Key Target in Prostate Cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2013) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3663352\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3663352\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c3e1b6ebc780d6b86c2e026ee08d2a47\">Fatty acid synthase &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatty_acid_synthase\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fatty_acid_synthase<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2db58efda9030c860157a82ef51cbfb0\">Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase in Cancer Progression and Resistance: A Potential Therapeutic Target &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9827262\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9827262\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9129102e5d69cde59561bcb1f8058510\">Project 2: Targeting de Novo Lipogenesis in Advanced Prostate Cancer | SPORE in Prostate Cancer (Weill Cornell Medicine, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/prostatespore.weill.cornell.edu\/research\/project-2-targeting-de-novo-lipogenesis-advanced-prostate-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/prostatespore.weill.cornell.edu\/research\/project-2-targeting-de-novo-lipogenesis-advanced-prostate-cancer<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dc932b6c91ef16b8c1c0457dd0e09c34\">Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD) &#8211; Targets | MCE (MedChemExpress, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.medchemexpress.com\/Targets\/Stearoyl-CoA%20Desaturase%20(SCD).html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.medchemexpress.com\/Targets\/Stearoyl-CoA%20Desaturase%20(SCD).html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f0f48608a59cd39b80f54f3a7ab97212\">O00767 \u00b7 SCD_HUMAN &#8211; UniProtKB &#8211; UniProt (UniProt, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O00767\/entry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.uniprot.org\/uniprotkb\/O00767\/entry<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64bb6bbe0f902075e6d6068a145dbb38\">ATP citrate lyase &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ATP_citrate_lyase\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ATP_citrate_lyase<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-01c432d2e75f6aa77a63282293a1ebcb\">ATP-Citrate Lyase: A Key Player in Cancer Metabolism &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2012) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3410942\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3410942\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d9230ac280703bad0f2c244598e55b58\">ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY): A Promising Target for Cancer Prevention and Treatment &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2015) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4758429\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4758429\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9cf8c622d2e103e53665ca9715a4ba36\">ACLY Promotes Tumor Progression and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer by Activating the mTOR Signaling Pathway &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8065434\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8065434\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c97036aa585678bc6a4149e5f9ea387f\">ATP Citrate Lyase Activation and Therapeutic Potential in Lung Cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2008) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2562085\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2562085\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-04be1f74e65179e43e68f3a3c89e5294\">Bempedoic acid &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bempedoic_acid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bempedoic_acid<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-aa95e8ea4410509c37d57854f1e2b00a\">Inhibition of ATP citrate lyase attenuates tumor growth and acquired cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer by inhibiting the PI3K\u2013AKT pathway and activating the AMPK\u2013ROS pathway &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8046202\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8046202\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d5f5437cdb11be8eaf8e73a85bc80f79\">ATP citrate lyase can serve as a general tumour biomarker &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10844593\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10844593\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71898dd1abec4d8339b0c612ac057436\">Bempedoic Acid: A Review in Hyperlipidemia &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8021275\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8021275\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-763413c7492cdd32009a88d3a9359c31\">Pharmacological inhibition of ACLY leads to radiosensitization in HNSCC cell lines and correlates with poor prognosis in patients receiving radiotherapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2019) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6822749\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6822749\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b0933cc942b089c4497e4b5b879848f3\">Inhibition of ACLY overcomes cancer immunotherapy resistance via polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation and cGAS-STING activation &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10699784\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10699784\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-669cd0e5a083de32b173f6a7373420da\">ACLY inhibition and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids potentiate cancer immunotherapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10699784\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10699784\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b0933cc942b089c4497e4b5b879848f3\">Inhibition of ACLY overcomes cancer immunotherapy resistance via polyunsaturated fatty acids peroxidation and cGAS-STING activation &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10699784\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10699784\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42a2d06479c0ce2f12303b85cd5300c4\">Isocitrate dehydrogenase &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-333b1c1773ad657a472bfafec9da6988\">IDH mutation in cancer: an overview of molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9559313\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9559313\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1af2ff0b82304adfe4e6b248c3e2e590\">Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH) Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8835989\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8835989\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53bf39080e698a9e68617e446e4a526f\">IDH1 and IDH2 mutations in cancer: current status and therapeutic perspectives &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8292966\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8292966\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a04fcf5529ae7096a50596ba951530cb\">Vorasidenib, a Dual Inhibitor of Mutant IDH1\/2, in Recurrent or Progressive Glioma; Results of a First-in-Human Phase I Trial &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8354868\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8354868\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d135c3638264610a8fe2cb50f26dc984\">Ivosidenib &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivosidenib\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ivosidenib<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4da90703f3b7aefc1271da5102dd27b3\">Enasidenib &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enasidenib\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Enasidenib<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7b1ad258f6a939e200d4121457dc1e5e\">First IDH Inhibitor for Astrocytomas and Oligodendrogliomas | Research | AACR (AACR Journals, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aacr.org\/patients-caregivers\/progress-against-cancer\/first-idh-inhibitor-for-astrocytomas-and-oligodendrogliomas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.aacr.org\/patients-caregivers\/progress-against-cancer\/first-idh-inhibitor-for-astrocytomas-and-oligodendrogliomas\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21e31179b20798689b1feab1c3b354a1\">Vorasidenib &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vorasidenib\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vorasidenib<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-682e5c7362d488cf1d007c7064cee812\">Vorasidenib Treatment Shows Promise for Some Low-Grade Gliomas &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/news-events\/cancer-currents-blog\/2023\/vorasidenib-low-grade-glioma-idh-mutations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/news-events\/cancer-currents-blog\/2023\/vorasidenib-low-grade-glioma-idh-mutations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fcfa76f9b03195731988fdc11e1d3559\">New Clinical Trial Tests a Kind of Precision Medicine Treatment for IDH-Mutant Brain Tumors &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/rare-brain-spine-tumor\/blog\/2024\/new-clinical-trial-tests-a-kind-of-precision-medicine-treatment-for-idh-mutant-brain-tumors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/rare-brain-spine-tumor\/blog\/2024\/new-clinical-trial-tests-a-kind-of-precision-medicine-treatment-for-idh-mutant-brain-tumors<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a04fcf5529ae7096a50596ba951530cb\">Vorasidenib, a Dual Inhibitor of Mutant IDH1\/2, in Recurrent or Progressive Glioma; Results of a First-in-Human Phase I Trial &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8354868\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8354868\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9844f4887ef0ebb4dfa2f4d669afe89f\">Ivosidenib for the Treatment of Clonal Cytopenia of Undetermined Significance &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2023-03777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2023-03777<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c47d5de6d231256e9083392c2b59c0e5\">A Phase I\/II Study of Zotiraciclib for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1 or IDH2) Mutations &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-000860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-000860<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7b1ad258f6a939e200d4121457dc1e5e\">First IDH Inhibitor for Astrocytomas and Oligodendrogliomas | Research | AACR (AACR Journals, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aacr.org\/patients-caregivers\/progress-against-cancer\/first-idh-inhibitor-for-astrocytomas-and-oligodendrogliomas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.aacr.org\/patients-caregivers\/progress-against-cancer\/first-idh-inhibitor-for-astrocytomas-and-oligodendrogliomas\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-428fdd0bfa7ac409d24f73de8ea8a85d\">Ivosidenib in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Conventional Chondrosarcoma Untreated or Previously Treated With 1 Systemic Treatment Regimen &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2023-00747\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-2023-00747<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21e31179b20798689b1feab1c3b354a1\">Vorasidenib &#8211; Wikipedia (Wikipedia, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vorasidenib\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vorasidenib<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-682e5c7362d488cf1d007c7064cee812\">Vorasidenib Treatment Shows Promise for Some Low-Grade Gliomas &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2023) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/news-events\/cancer-currents-blog\/2023\/vorasidenib-low-grade-glioma-idh-mutations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/news-events\/cancer-currents-blog\/2023\/vorasidenib-low-grade-glioma-idh-mutations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fcfa76f9b03195731988fdc11e1d3559\">New Clinical Trial Tests a Kind of Precision Medicine Treatment for IDH-Mutant Brain Tumors &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/rare-brain-spine-tumor\/blog\/2024\/new-clinical-trial-tests-a-kind-of-precision-medicine-treatment-for-idh-mutant-brain-tumors\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/rare-brain-spine-tumor\/blog\/2024\/new-clinical-trial-tests-a-kind-of-precision-medicine-treatment-for-idh-mutant-brain-tumors<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a04fcf5529ae7096a50596ba951530cb\">Vorasidenib, a Dual Inhibitor of Mutant IDH1\/2, in Recurrent or Progressive Glioma; Results of a First-in-Human Phase I Trial &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8354868\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8354868\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c47d5de6d231256e9083392c2b59c0e5\">A Phase I\/II Study of Zotiraciclib for Recurrent Malignant Gliomas With Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1 or IDH2) Mutations &#8211; National Cancer Institute (cancer.gov, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-000860\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.cancer.gov\/research\/participate\/clinical-trials-search\/v?id=NCI-000860<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8e078c733c458601095867eeb56e5449\">The Reverse Warburg Effect: Glycolysis Inhibitors Prevent the Tumor Promoting Effects of Caveolin-1 Deficient Cancer Associated Fibroblasts &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2010) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3236330\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3236330\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-891844509a4add1363ecf68d5461317a\">The reverse Warburg effect: aerobic glycolysis in cancer associated fibroblasts and the tumor stroma &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2009) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2791534\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2791534\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8e078c733c458601095867eeb56e5449\">The Reverse Warburg Effect: Glycolysis Inhibitors Prevent the Tumor Promoting Effects of Caveolin-1 Deficient Cancer Associated Fibroblasts &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2010) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3236330\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3236330\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155797789688589f43c1da3173416ff3\">Glutamine metabolism in cancer: challenges and opportunities for therapy &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2018) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5746034\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5746034\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42f8db3c20a7e4e04af03711afc2403b\">A Tumor Agnostic Therapeutic Strategy for Hexokinase 1\u2013Null\/Hexokinase 2\u2013Positive Cancers &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2019) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6880136\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC6880136\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9696749fc17307f301be3c3a8fd5b89e\">Hexokinase 2 Is a Pivot for Lovastatin-induced Glycolysis-to-Autophagy Reprogramming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2022) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9657343\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9657343\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2fc2fce900793c5330a3e885a3651de6\">The Hallmarks of Cancer &#8211; PMC (PMC, 2000) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9000118\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9000118\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4ab9701f34c12a6793ebd157e5a08a62\">Ketogenic Diet &#8211; StatPearls &#8211; NCBI Bookshelf (NIH, 2024) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499830\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK499830\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5bb0d19ed30b38fa53be85b95ac338b2\">Cancer as a metabolic disease &#8211; IOM (iom.dk, 2017) <a href=\"https:\/\/iom.dk\/cancer-som-metabolisk-lidelse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/iom.dk\/cancer-som-metabolisk-lidelse\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6816050c6cea753413ac43534f6f4e64\">Hvordan udsulter man kr\u00e6ft \u2013 uden at sulte sig selv? &#8211; Sundhedskultur (sundhedskultur.dk, 2021) <a href=\"https:\/\/sundhedskultur.dk\/boger\/160-ny-personlig-kraeftbog-kan-gore-en-ret-sa-traet-i-haret.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/sundhedskultur.dk\/boger\/160-ny-personlig-kraeftbog-kan-gore-en-ret-sa-traet-i-haret.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6234220480d8e670ff03bec9de7ac347\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/\">Kr\u00e6ft som metabolisk lidelse<\/a> (jegharkraeft.dk, 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5b9d683c80030a4ad646b5cc207ec0e2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/news.cancerresearchuk.org\/2023\/01\/30\/starving-cancer-into-submission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hacking cancer cell metabolism<\/a> (Cancer News, jan. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bd7c39bf39a4e15afabc5d6962d278d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8321873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, aug. 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-06086c400ddf07310cc706a394fd7a5d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/overdrive.com\/media\/9098699\/summary-of-jane-mclellands-how-to-starve-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Summary of Jane McLelland&#8217;s How to Starve Cancer &#8211; OverDrive<\/a> (OverDrive, jun. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e9188cb7efa6a0faf52b2ea574104c95\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/amazon.com\/Starve-Cancer-Without-Starving-Yourself\/dp\/B0CPJG4NQS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to Starve Cancer\u2026 Without Starving Yourself: The Discovery of a Metabolic Cocktail That Could Transform the Lives of Millions &#8211; Amazon.com<\/a> (Amazon.com, mar. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6c25cc4c1c72da407e487aca2b84afc3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biomedres.us\/pdfs\/BJSTR.MS.ID.007434.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Role of Fatty Acids in Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis<\/a> (Biomedical, nov. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0eda15ca197a9918844d27e876df4247\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7791669\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The diversity and breadth of cancer cell fatty acid metabolism &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, jan. 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ac12ebac6a0c621d941a5d345860669e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07853890.2024.2445774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Full article: Exploring the significance of fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of cancer and anticancer therapy &#8211; Taylor &amp; Francis Online<\/a> (Taylor &amp; Francis Online, mar. 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eb4234001d9451a0f7eed8b106fbc273\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/4\/2170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications &#8211; MDPI<\/a> (MDPI, feb. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43edcb6baf3638e308eae36d764daf3d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/researchgate.net\/publication\/369147496_Fatty_acids_in_cancer_Metabolic_functions_and_potential_treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fatty acids in cancer: Metabolic functions and potential treatment &#8211; ResearchGate<\/a> (ResearchGate, mar. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42e7c333ed7c3448144d89db985b8039\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9953116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Modulatory Effects of Fatty Acids on Cancer Progression &#8211; PMC<\/a> (PMC, feb. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2c925d7306d2685b3e27872725769395\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/frontiersin.org\/journals\/endocrinology\/articles\/10.3389\/fendo.2017.00293\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Obesity and Breast Cancer: Current Insights on the Role of Fatty Acids and Lipid Metabolism in Promoting Breast Cancer Growth and Progression &#8211; Frontiers<\/a> (Frontiers, oct. 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7081ba4e8f41a920b623145b34e55f8a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/imrpress.com\/journal\/FBL\/28\/12\/10.31083\/j.fbl2812348\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fatty Acid Metabolism: A New Perspective in Breast Cancer Precision Therapy &#8211; IMR Press<\/a> (IMR Press, dec. 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5657571b89515ef0f638d4c03dcbde61\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/news.feinberg.northwestern.edu\/2022\/10\/07\/investigating-the-role-of-fatty-acids-in-cancer-cell-survival\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Investigating the Role of Fatty Acids in Cancer Cell Survival &#8211; News Center<\/a> (News Center, oct. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8c601b02c9d0463b69c367e7a1dc6e67\"><a href=\"https:\/\/biomedres.us\/pdfs\/BJSTR.MS.ID.007434.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Role of Fatty Acids in Cancer Cell Growth and Metastasis<\/a> (biomedres.us, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/4\/2170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications &#8211; MDPI<\/a> (MDPI, feb. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7081ba4e8f41a920b623145b34e55f8a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/imrpress.com\/journal\/FBL\/28\/12\/10.31083\/j.fbl2812348\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fatty Acid Metabolism: A New Perspective in Breast Cancer Precision Therapy &#8211; IMR Press<\/a> (IMR Press, dec. 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-275046715d7c0e1e54e7715db021cb7b\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/07853890\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Full article: Exploring the significance of fatty acid metabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of cancer and anticancer therapy &#8211; Taylor &amp; Francis Online<\/a> (Taylor &amp; Francis Online, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/news.cancerresearchuk.org\/2023\/01\/30\/starving-cancer-into-submission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hacking cancer cell metabolism &#8211; Cancer News<\/a> (Cancer News, jan. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9d76400aa64dd27b8205d3a1a846196e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4833639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, apr. 2016)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41ae397b8108a41f445fab7b7e601b8c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mskcc.org\/news\/beyond-sugar-what-cancer-cells-need-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beyond Sugar: What Cancer Cells Need to Grow<\/a> (mskcc.org, apr. 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95b82b25ba40cf338a284f3114492fb6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8321873\/%23:~:text%3DThus%252C%2520dietary%2520deprivation%2520of%2520specific,consuming%2520of%2520this%2520amino%2520acid.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a> (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/rogelcancercenter.org\/illuminate\/hope-metabolic-pathways-cancer-research\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The hope of metabolic pathways in cancer research | Illuminate 2023<\/a> (rogelcancercenter.org, )<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5271be65bb104a9c33bb21b73386c2c2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2011\/cancer-metabolism-1121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How cancer cells get by on a starvation diet | MIT News<\/a> (MIT News, nov. 2011)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b7def345a30f6a45812d81d073471d66\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/broadinstitute.org\/news\/targeting-unique-metabolic-pathway-might-starve-pancreatic-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting a unique metabolic pathway might starve pancreatic cancer &#8211; Broad Institute<\/a> (Broad Institute, apr. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cbbf7bd352c56fd39fd0a5916c401aa4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8833671\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Advancing Cancer Treatment by Targeting Glutamine Metabolism\u2014A Roadmap &#8211; PMC<\/a> (PMC, feb. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41ae397b8108a41f445fab7b7e601b8c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mskcc.org\/news\/beyond-sugar-what-cancer-cells-need-grow\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beyond Sugar: What Cancer Cells Need to Grow<\/a> (mskcc.org, apr. 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cbbf7bd352c56fd39fd0a5916c401aa4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8833671\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Advancing Cancer Treatment by Targeting Glutamine Metabolism\u2014A Roadmap &#8211; PMC<\/a> (PMC, feb. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c65b465a7b0168c17c18b85c03c13c8c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/5\/1057\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Glutamine Supplementation as an Anticancer Strategy: A Potential Therapeutic Alternative to the Convention &#8211; MDPI<\/a> (MDPI, mar. 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d6cd8ec5f1c0f4a611b3a82635bc30c3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/16\/9\/22830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting Glutamine Induces Apoptosis: A Cancer Therapy Approach &#8211; MDPI<\/a> (MDPI, sep. 2015)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-466eb060c2bc14c93b62ec7565d5136c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/frontiersin.org\/journals\/pharmacology\/articles\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1345522\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Exploiting the Achilles&#8217; heel of cancer: disrupting glutamine metabolism for effective cancer treatment &#8211; Frontiers<\/a> (Frontiers, mar. 2024)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48b825cf609f6770dbd44126df890b0d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/news.cancerresearchuk.org\/2023\/01\/30\/starving-cancer-into-submission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hacking cancer cell metabolism &#8211; Cancer News<\/a> (Cancer News, jan. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e30449b79c3ba4518f315bd528a2c62b\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8321873\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov<\/a> (pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/precisionwellbeing.co.nz\/metabolic-theory-of-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolic Theory of Cancer | Treatment &#8211; Precision Wellbeing<\/a> (Precision Wellbeing, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/news.cancerresearchuk.org\/2023\/01\/30\/starving-cancer-into-submission\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hacking cancer cell metabolism &#8211; Cancer News<\/a> (Cancer News, jan. 2023)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-711b79aff3ba9138f0f90dc9337160c2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/source.washu.edu\/2022\/08\/sugar-metabolism-is-surprisingly-conventional-in-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sugar metabolism is surprisingly conventional in cancer &#8211; The Source &#8211; WashU<\/a> (The Source &#8211; WashU, aug. 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bd7c39bf39a4e15afabc5d6962d278d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8321873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, aug. 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d9ab641cff8889c6f6845f896498c6f6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/drugtargetreview.com\/article\/33759\/targeting-cancer-metabolism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting cancer metabolism<\/a> (drugtargetreview.com, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4833639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Attacking the supply wagons to starve cancer cells to death &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, apr. 2016)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11929827a79de31ff6b7595eb5e86857\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/9\/10\/2308\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer Metabolism: Phenotype, Signaling and Therapeutic Targets &#8211; MDPI<\/a> (MDPI, oct. 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9bd7c39bf39a4e15afabc5d6962d278d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8321873\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolic Strategies for Inhibiting Cancer Development &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, aug. 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fb8bcccdb01e615b70a7c71304eb88b2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC10970388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting the Warburg Effect in Cancer: Where Do We Stand? &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, mar. 2025)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91cb99aac8f5d13f89c3ef27df3b9619\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/ccralliance.org\/post\/diet-and-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Starving Cancer: Key Things To Know about ketogenic diet and fasting<\/a> (ccralliance.org, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/cancerresearchuk.org\/about-cancer\/treatment\/complementary-alternative-therapies\/alternative-cancer-diets%23:~:text%3DKetogenic%2520diet%26text%3DKetones%2520become%2520the%2520energy%2520to,can%2520use%2520ketones%2520to%2520survive.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.cancerresearchuk.org<\/a> (cancerresearchuk.org, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/cancerresearchuk.org\/about-cancer\/treatment\/complementary-alternative-therapies\/alternative-cancer-diets\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alternative cancer diets<\/a> (cancerresearchuk.org, ) * <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6375425\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ketogenic Diets and Cancer: Emerging Evidence &#8211; PMC &#8211; PubMed Central<\/a> (PMC &#8211; PubMed Central, feb. 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b91b987e80bf82b5b8f4e34f1a06e903\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/cedars-sinai.org\/discoveries\/fasting-as-next-step-in-cancer-treatment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Researchers Look to Fasting as a Next Step in Cancer Treatment | Cedars-Sinai<\/a> (Cedars-Sinai, )<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8b23dc3e163175d70da55cd2661923ed\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/news-events\/nih-research-matters\/keto-diet-enhances-experimental-cancer-therapy-mice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Keto diet enhances experimental cancer therapy in mice | National Institutes of Health (NIH)<\/a> (National Institutes of Health (NIH))<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-485790e51077e9636b3d4b79d3c87ead wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Site created:<\/strong> May 12, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on Jeg har Kr\u00e6ft is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indhold<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#Treatments\" >Treatments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#Metabolic_Principles_in_Cancer_Treatment\" >Metabolic Principles in Cancer Treatment<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#Targeting_Cancer_Metabolism_%E2%80%93_Starving_Cancer\" >Targeting Cancer Metabolism \u2013 Starving Cancer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#1_Introduction_Understanding_the_Metabolic_Vulnerability_of_Cancer_Cells\" >1. Introduction: Understanding the Metabolic Vulnerability of Cancer Cells<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#2_The_historical_perspective_Otto_Warburg_and_aerobic_glycolysis\" >2. The historical perspective: Otto Warburg and aerobic glycolysis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#3_Central_Metabolic_Pathways_as_Therapeutic_Targets\" >3. Central Metabolic Pathways as Therapeutic Targets<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#4_The_Tumor_Microenvironment_and_Metabolic_Interaction\" >4. The Tumor Microenvironment and Metabolic Interaction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#5_Clinical_Translation_and_Therapeutic_Strategies_Under_Development\" >5. Clinical Translation and Therapeutic Strategies Under Development<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#6_Can_Cancer_Be_Starved_Through_Dietary_Approaches\" >6. Can Cancer Be Starved Through Dietary Approaches<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#7_Conclusion_The_Future_of_Targeting_Cancer_Metabolism\" >7. Conclusion: The Future of Targeting Cancer Metabolism<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-principles-cancer-treatment\/#Metabolic_Principles_in_Cancer_Treatment_Reference_List\" >Metabolic Principles in Cancer Treatment Reference List<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Treatments Block cancer&#8217;s growth pathways Metabolic Principles in Cancer Treatment On cancer cells\u2019 unique appetite\u2014and how it might be turned against them. Or why our dietary choices might not be as irrelevant as one might think. (Illustrations should be considered as vignettes.) Contents, Section 1: Sektion 2: Summary: Can Cancer Be Starved \u2013 On Metabolic [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":40512,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[412,414,391],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40519","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diagnosis","category-cancer-forms","category-metabolic-strategy"],"modified_by":"Hanne Kj\u00e6r Uhlig","wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40519","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40519"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40519\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40538,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40519\/revisions\/40538"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40512"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40519"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40519"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40519"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}