{"id":37208,"date":"2026-05-09T19:04:15","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T18:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/?p=37208"},"modified":"2026-05-10T21:58:04","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T20:58:04","slug":"cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/","title":{"rendered":"Cancer as a metabolic disease. Warburg effect. Dr. Thomas Seyfried. Metabolism. Warburg. mTOR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-section-5 has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-16bae05356f0039e5a7a04cf5d110928 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-5--2\" id=\"menu\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ca2dd60b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8ebd27ab190401d9d3fbfe7946f4f6d4\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatments\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-treatments-overview\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color\">Treatments <\/mark><\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-custom-interne-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-422a68a13e6461abe7522d1a75b744cd has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-hvid-tekst-color\">Block cancer&#8217;s growth pathways<\/mark><\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8cc1c6a514ddbfe6a725414bd515a591\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/no-medicine-plan-b-2\/\">No medicine &#8211; Plan B<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-her-st-r-du-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7bc48c43589e3206cbef77b16634e048\"><a href=\"#kraeft-som-metabolisk\">Cancer as a metabolic disorder (scroll down)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d3af0917890b48bf865485b4f59c3fff\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/metaboliske-principper-kraeftbehandling\/\">Metabolic principles in cancer research<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-071e11418cfe525378fa4d9b3a041c67\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-strategi\/\">Metabolic strategy &#8211; block signaling pathways according to cancer type overviews<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ad675ea4b24e9e37c0d38d980ea78c9a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metabolic-strategi-blood-cancer\/\">Cancer types &#8211; Schematic\/ Overview<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20aeb151df7b688945d6958306982c02\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-signaling-pathways\/\">Block cancer&#8217;s signaling pathways<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94ecbe2c64241427c5060511ec6329d1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-energy-pathways\/\">Block cancer&#8217;s energy pathways<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0b183fb7aa5b469e88e70cead4356d13\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/medication-logistics\/\">Medicine logistics<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/bkraeft-som-metabolisk-lidelse.jpg\" alt=\"Kr\u00e6ft som metabolisk lidelse symboliseret ved mikroskopi af rosa blomster med gule st\u00f8vdragere. Der ses et enkelt gr\u00f8nt blad.\" class=\"wp-image-33723\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;width:550px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;http:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/bkraeft-som-metabolisk-lidelse.jpg&apos;);background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-906497af\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"kraeft-som-metabolisk\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease\"><\/span>Cancer as a metabolic disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Content:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f123f13a07782189bf0b1565730a9df4\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease_%E2%80%93_general_overview\">Cancer as a metabolic disease \u2013 general overview<\/a> (scroll down)<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#The_Warburg_effect\">The Warburg effect<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dr_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theories_on_cancer\">Dr. Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theories on cancer<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Otto_Warburg_and_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theory\">Otto Warburg and Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theory<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Seyfrieds_fundamental_principles\">Seyfried\u2019s fundamental principles<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Pathways_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease \u2013 Pathways \u2013 Nerdy<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Biomarkers_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease \u2013 Biomarkers \u2013 Nerdy<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-sort-tekst-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Summary of cancer as a metabolic disease<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is it<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Traditionally, cancer has been seen as a purely genetic disease, but modern research\u2014led by, among others, Dr. Thomas Seyfried\u2014indicates that cancer is fundamentally a metabolic disease. The theory is that cancer arises as a result of damage to the cells\u2019 power plants (mitochondria), creating an energy crisis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This approach shifts focus from simply killing cells to targeting the metabolic processes that cancer cells depend on to survive.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Warburg effect and cell fermentation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Over 100 years ago, Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells have a unique metabolism: they prefer to ferment sugar (fermentation) rather than burn fat using oxygen (cellular respiration). It should be emphasized that cancer cells do not necessarily &#8220;lose&#8221; the ability to use oxygen. Many cancer cells use both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and their metabolism can adapt to the environment and energy needs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This discovery was unfortunately largely overlooked for decades but is now widely recognized again.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Treatment Strategies and the Future<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Treatment focuses on altering the cancer cells&#8217; environment through diet (e.g., keto), fasting, and the use of existing medication for new purposes (repurposed drugs). Examples include Metformin, statins, and anti-parasitic agents like Vermox, which can disrupt the metabolism and cell division of cancer cells or activate the immune system. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The goal is a personalized strategy that combines metabolic interventions, preferably with traditional treatment, to increase efficacy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-sort-tekst-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease_%E2%80%93_general_overview\"><\/span>Cancer as a metabolic disease \u2013 general overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When considering cancer as a metabolic disease, it opens new perspectives on the disease\u2019s development and potential treatment options, including the metabolic pathways (types of metabolism), also called &#8220;pathways,&#8221; that cancer cells use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer_cells_unique_metabolism\"><\/span>Cancer cells&#8217; unique metabolism<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Already 100 years ago, Otto Warburg discovered that the characteristic of cancer is that the cells&#8217; metabolism (energy production) changes from normal fat burning using oxygen (cellular respiration) to fermentation of sugar without using oxygen. However, it should be emphasized that cancer cells do not necessarily &#8220;lose&#8221; the ability to use oxygen. Many cancer cells use both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and their metabolism can adapt to the environment and energy needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This important discovery was unfortunately completely overlooked in influential circles for the following decades but is now widely recognized again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Warburg_effect\"><\/span>The Warburg effect<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Warburg effect is the phenomenon where cancer cells prefer to ferment glucose (thus turning it into lactic acid), even under oxygen-rich conditions (where normal cells would use normal combustion).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Symbiosis with the microenvironment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition, cancer cells alter the surrounding tissue to create an environment that supports their energy production for growth and spread. This includes, among other things, increasing blood vessel development and acidity in the tumor environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Complexity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cell metabolism is very complex and varies for different cancer types and can even vary within the same tumor. By identifying the specific metabolic pathways that different cancer cells depend on, one can look for new drugs that block these pathways. This is expected to be effective, at least provided that cancer cells cannot choose another metabolic pathway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The goal is therefore to try to block all possible pathways for the given cancer type. The importance of broad blocking of cancer cell nutrition is, as mentioned above, due to cancer cells&#8217; ability to change metabolism and thus avoid programmed cell death (apoptosis). They can in this way change\/extend the cancer cell&#8217;s normal lifespan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Combination_treatments\"><\/span>Combination treatments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Metabolic drugs can be combined with traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Combination treatments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By combining metabolic drugs with other types of cancer treatments, one can potentially increase effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance. To determine which are most effective, biomarker research is used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"#biomarkoer-noerdet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Biomarkers for the nerdy at the bottom of the page<\/a> (scroll down).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important metabolic pathways for cancer cells<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are many metabolic pathways, and it appears that cancer cells are able to switch pathways so that if one pathway is blocked, they can use one or more of the others to obtain nutrients instead. This means that a broad approach is needed if you want to starve the cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_metabolic_pathways\"><\/span>Examples of metabolic pathways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glycolysis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the most well-known of the altered metabolic pathways in cancer cells. Here, glucose is converted to lactic acid, even when sufficient oxygen is available (the aforementioned Warburg effect).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glycolysis (sugar splits into ATP and becomes energy) is a faster process than the usual complete oxidative phosphorylation. This gives cancer cells the ability to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) quickly, which is a necessary substance to support the rapid growth of cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By inhibiting enzymes in the glycolysis process, one can thus limit cancer cells&#8217; energy production and thereby growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glutaminolysis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells use glutamine (an amino acid) as both an energy source and to synthesize building blocks for new cells. Glutaminolysis is the process where glutamine is broken down to produce energy and intermediates for use in biosynthesis (formation of, e.g., amino acids).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By preventing the uptake of glutamine, one can limit cancer cells&#8217; access to this important energy source and building block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Lipid synthesis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lipid synthesis means that cells produce fat for storage and use, among other things, for growth. Cancer cells often have increased production of fatty acids, which are used to build cell membranes and as energy storage. This is important for maintaining cell membrane integrity (i.e., ensuring the cell membrane&#8217;s function to sort\/determine what may enter and exit), function as energy storage, and support cell growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By inhibiting enzymes involved in lipid synthesis, one can disrupt cell membrane integrity and prevent cell growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pentose phosphate pathway<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The pentose phosphate pathway converts glucose into pentose sugars and other substances. This provides building blocks for antioxidants and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), which are necessary for cell division and to protect the cell from oxidative stress. In addition, ribose-5-phosphate is formed, which is a building block for nucleic acids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional pathways<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There are several metabolic pathways that are relevant when attacking cancer cell metabolism, and likely we still have far from a complete picture of how many there are and how best to do it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a lot described in the literature relevant to this issue. See, among others, links below to Jane McLelland\u2019s book:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1fb1075c13d5fcb80e4d012b1798853d wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.saxo.com\/dk\/how-to-starve-cancer_jane-mclelland_paperback_9780951951736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to Starve Cancer<\/a> (Saxo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_future\"><\/span>The future<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research in metabolic cancer treatment is developing rapidly, and there are high expectations that new drugs will revolutionize cancer treatment. By fully understanding the unique metabolism of cancer cells, more targeted, effective, and less toxic treatments can be developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, this approach can likely explain the experiences with certain <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/repurposed-drugs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">repurposed drugs<\/a> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metformin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metformin<\/a>, which regulates blood sugar, and <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/statins\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">statins<\/a>, which regulate cholesterol levels in the blood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dr_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theories_on_cancer\"><\/span>Dr. Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theories on cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Warburg\u2019s theories that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease are shared by Dr. Thomas Seyfried, another well-known researcher who has presented the same theory about cancer. His main thesis is also that cancer is fundamentally a metabolic disease rather than a genetic disease, as many other researchers tend to believe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The key to understanding<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This change in metabolism, Seyfried believes, is the key to understanding how cancer cells behave. They divide uncontrollably and ignore the normal signals from the body telling them when to stop dividing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Otto_Warburg_and_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theory\"><\/span>Otto Warburg and Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seyfried\u2019s research heavily builds on the work of Otto Warburg, who, as previously mentioned, already in 1931 proposed that cancer cells have a unique form of metabolism. Warburg\u2019s theory has been overlooked for many years, but Seyfried has revived it and added new dimensions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implications for treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If Seyfried is right, it has major consequences for how we treat cancer. Instead of focusing on killing cancer cells with chemotherapy or radiation, we should perhaps to a much greater extent focus on changing the metabolism of cancer cells. This could, for example, be done through dietary changes (<a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ketogen-lchf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">keto diet<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/faste\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fasting<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/kosttilskud-grupperet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">specific dietary supplements<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Seyfrieds_fundamental_principles\"><\/span>Seyfried\u2019s fundamental principles<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cancer as an energy crisis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seyfried suggests that cancer cells are in a state of chronic energy deficiency. To survive, they adapt their metabolism to primarily use glucose (sugar) as an energy source. This change in metabolism makes it difficult for cancer cells to produce the energy they need to function normally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The role of mitochondria<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mitochondria are the cells\u2019 power plants. Seyfried believes that mitochondria in cancer cells are damaged and do not function optimally. This contributes to the energy deficiency that cancer cells experience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inhibition of normal cell growth<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells produce substances that inhibit the growth of normal cells. This creates space for cancer cells to grow and spread.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatment\"><\/span>Treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ketogenic diet<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seyfried suggests that a ketogenic diet can be an effective treatment against cancer. By limiting carbohydrate intake and increasing fat intake, the body is forced to use fat as an energy source instead of glucose. This can make it more difficult for cancer cells to survive, as they are dependent on glucose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ketogen-lchf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ketogenic diet and LCHF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Other metabolic measures<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to the ketogenic diet, Seyfried also suggests other metabolic interventions, such as fasting and specific dietary supplements that can help combat cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Specific dietary supplements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seyfried mentions potential benefits of certain dietary supplements when combined with a ketogenic diet. Some of the dietary supplements mentioned in connection with Seyfried\u2019s work include (there are more than these):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/vitamin-d\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vitamin D<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/omega-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Omega-3 fatty acids<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/antioxidanter-for-og-imod\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antioxidants<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anti-parasite_agents\"><\/span>Anti-parasite agents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Why anti-parasite agents can have an effect on cancer cells:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Analogous (related) biological processes:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Metabolism<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both cancer cells and some parasites have high metabolic activity to grow and divide quickly. Agents such as <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/fenbendazole\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fenbendazole<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/mebendazole\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vermox<\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/plaquenil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Plaquenil<\/a> can affect specific metabolic pathways that are important for both cancer cells and parasites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Protein synthesis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both cancer cells and parasites produce a range of proteins necessary for their survival and spread. Some of these proteins may have analogous structures or functions, and therefore agents that inhibit protein synthesis in parasites may also affect cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cell division<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both cancer cells and parasites divide rapidly, and agents that disrupt cell division can have an effect on both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Indirect effects<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Microenvironment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parasites can affect the microenvironment where cancer cells are located. By removing parasites, one can change this microenvironment and make it less favorable for cancer cell growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Activation of the immune system<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some parasites have an ability to stimulate and activate our immune system in a way that makes it more effective at fighting diseases, including cancer cells. Anti-parasite agents can thus, paradoxically, strengthen this immune response and thus indirectly have a cancer-inhibiting effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Awakening dormant immune cells<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells are skilled at &#8220;shutting down&#8221; our immune system. Parasites can help &#8220;awaken&#8221; these dormant immune cells so they can recognize and attack cancer cells again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_parasite_infection_good\"><\/span>Is parasite infection good?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why do we take antiparasitic agents, but research parasites for cancer treatment?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not a contradiction. Researchers are trying to exploit the positive aspects of parasites without exposing people to the negative consequences of an infection. This can be done by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Isolating the active substances<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers are trying to isolate the specific substances in parasites that have a positive effect on the immune system and develop drugs based on these substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetically modified parasites<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Work is being done to develop genetically modified parasites that only have the desired properties and do not cause disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combination treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parasites can potentially be used in combination with existing cancer treatments to increase effectiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">While we wait<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The result of this research lies somewhere in the future. Personally, I don\u2019t dare to wait for it, so I have chosen repurposed drugs in the form of <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/mebendazole\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Vermox<\/a> (in combination with other repurposed drugs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Note<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to have a nuanced understanding of parasites. While some parasites may have positive effects on our health, most parasites are harmful and can cause serious diseases. Research in this area is still in its infancy, and it is important to be critical of the information you find.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viewing cancer as a metabolic disease has revolutionized our understanding of the disease and opened up new and promising treatment options. Although there are still many challenges to overcome, this approach is an important step toward more effective and less toxic cancer treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theory is still controversial, and there are many researchers who do not share his viewpoint. But his work has led to a new and exciting debate about the origin and treatment of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Personally, I find the theory of cancer as a metabolic disease particularly plausible. The fact alone that many proponents of this theory have lived in good health for many years with their cancer diagnosis is convincing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, this is a general overview of metabolic pathways in cancer. It is important to note that cancer is a complex disease, and the metabolic changes can vary greatly between different cancer types and even within the same tumor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/kosttilskud-grupperet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dietary supplements grouped by effect<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/nutrition-and-diet-in-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nutrition and Diet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/symptoms-of-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Symptoms<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7a0a81cf3c8ffa61e271b9821934c419 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>To menu<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99a5811d704ddf7fc60595cdc4c2709f wp-block-paragraph\">[1] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.getsurrey.co.uk\/news\/health\/expert-says-ketogenic-diet-prevents-30093069\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Expert says ketogenic diet &#8216;prevents&#8217; and &#8216;destroys&#8217; cancer &#8211; best foods to eat<\/a> (Get Surrey)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How a ketogenic diet can help prevent and combat cancer by starving cancer cells of glucose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d94da771879c52c3bb792c1122e71f84 wp-block-paragraph\">[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=PRHNxoHdpYY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Video: Dr. Thomas Seyfried reveals: Cancer is a Metabolic Disease, not Genetic!<\/a> (Dr. Thomas Seyfried Charity Channel, YouTube)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Seyfried explains his metabolic theory of cancer and how diet can be used as treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-abfa09acc19bea091e100fb72680ed90 wp-block-paragraph\">[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/bibliotek.dk\/materiale\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease_thomas-n-seyfried-1946-\/work-of%3A800010-katalog%3A99122654060905763?type=bog&amp;tid=nj5Nq17460365129592470520523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Book: Cancer as a Metabolic Disease<\/a> (By Thomas Seyfried)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Seyfried\u2019s comprehensive book on the metabolic theory of cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0963481ca451a3e26c8972151d47cae0 wp-block-paragraph\">[4] <a href=\"https:\/\/thepaleodiet.com\/thomas-seyfrieds-metabolic-theory-cancer-how-the-paleo-diet-diet-help-curtail-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas Seyfried\u2019s Metabolic Theory of Cancer and How The Paleo Diet Could Help Curtail the Disease<\/a> (The Paleo Diet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How metabolic theory connects to dietary approaches like the Paleo diet.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b50a83a9d02a499de78749dcb9aaeb7a wp-block-paragraph\">[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/isom.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Targeting-the-Mitochondrial-Stem-Cell-Connection-in-Cancer-Treatment-JOM-39.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting the Mitochondrial-Stem Cell Connection in Cancer<\/a> (Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research on how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9fd76af756c52a698078b094bf73f7dd wp-block-paragraph\">[6] <a href=\"https:\/\/isom.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Targeting-the-Mitochondrial-Stem-Cell-Connection-in-Cancer-Treatment-JOM-39.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treatment: A Hybrid Orthomolecular Protocol<\/a> (Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Combining metabolic approaches with orthomolecular medicine for cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b56ac96a3e604084bed4f88b750aa285 wp-block-paragraph\">[7] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cshl.edu\/how-breast-cancer-goes-hungry\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How breast cancer goes hungry<\/a> (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How metabolic targeting can starve breast cancer cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38bce14f68012bbeb6c48d1f9289a41d wp-block-paragraph\">[8] <a href=\"https:\/\/iom.dk\/cancer-som-metabolisk-lidelse\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer as a metabolic disease<\/a> (IOM)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Danish article on metabolic approaches to cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3a4e90536bd5fdeda1f38a511d7580e8 wp-block-paragraph\">[9] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.howtostarvecancer.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">How to Starve Cancer<\/a> (Jane McLelland\u2019s website)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Jane McLelland\u2019s resources on metabolic cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53d54bc550c2e74ff5330da7bcba6f08 wp-block-paragraph\">[10] <a href=\"https:\/\/sciencenews.dk\/da\/insulinresistens-spiller-vigtig-rolle-ved-kraeft\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Insulin resistance plays an important role in cancer<\/a> (Science News.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How insulin resistance is linked to cancer development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-df47794130b4e5e78a15e97c954deba2 wp-block-paragraph\">[11] <a href=\"https:\/\/onkologisktidsskrift.dk\/behandlinger\/3036-forskningsgruppeleder-kronisk-forhojet-insulin-kan-drive-kraeftrisiko-ved-svaer-overvaegt.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Research group leader: Chronically elevated insulin can drive cancer risk in severe obesity<\/a> (Onkologisk Tidsskrift)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: The connection between insulin levels and cancer risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a850981eabea294f0936841ad4b5cfe8 wp-block-paragraph\">[12] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39285269\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolism of primary high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) cells under limited glutamine or glucose availability<\/a> (PubMed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How ovarian cancer cells adapt metabolically under nutrient deprivation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ce410fde9938a9999012995f9eb127d2 wp-block-paragraph\">[13] <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4783224\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells?<\/a> (PubMed, 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Detailed explanation of the Warburg effect and its role in cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33bc826a2ebccceeb62460e0ff66127c wp-block-paragraph\">[14] <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4195816\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Warburg effect in tumor progression: Mitochondrial oxidative metabolism as an anti-metastasis mechanism<\/a> (PubMed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How mitochondrial metabolism affects cancer progression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9d9031e812345963842b4a192867d2a2 wp-block-paragraph\">[15] <a href=\"http:\/\/waocp.com\/journal\/index.php\/apjcb\/article\/view\/1263\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">On the Origin of the Warburg Effect in Cancer Cells: Controlling Cancer as a Metabolic Disease<\/a> (Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Biology)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Origins and implications of the Warburg effect in cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99134d8e2bf870a0e97e44d6e0cc4050 wp-block-paragraph\">[16] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6694\/16\/3\/504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic\/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth<\/a> (MDPI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How cancer cells reprogram their metabolism for growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d2054b8c9cd4cb133a4a859cd2cb4f81 wp-block-paragraph\">[17] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40122433\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Function of intramitochondrial melatonin and its association with Warburg metabolism<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How melatonin can reduce abnormal energy metabolism in cancer cells by restoring pyruvate entry into mitochondria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"kraeft-som-metabolisk\"><strong>Page created:<\/strong> August 31, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on I Have Cancer is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;http:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/bkraeft-som-metabolisk-lidelse.jpg&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-1372b0c1\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"metabolisk-pathways-laegemidler\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Pathways_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\"><\/span>Cancer as a Metabolic Disease &#8211; Pathways &#8211; Nerdy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Content:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease_%E2%80%93_general_overview\">Cancer as a metabolic disease \u2013 general overview<\/a> (scroll to)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#The_Warburg_effect\">The Warburg effect<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dr_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theories_on_cancer\">Dr. Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theories on cancer<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Otto_Warburg_and_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theory\">Otto Warburg and Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theory<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Seyfrieds_fundamental_principles\">Seyfried\u2019s fundamental principles<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bdd2ab7ee64c8300b990852b6c63a27e\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Pathways_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease \u2013 Pathways \u2013 Nerdy<\/a> (scroll down)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Biomarkers_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease \u2013 Biomarkers \u2013 Nerdy<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"New_cancer_drugs_with_metabolic_targeting\"><\/span>New cancer drugs with metabolic targeting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now researchers have found a new way to fight cancer cells. They have discovered that when cancer cells can no longer get glutamine, they find another pathway to get the nutrients they need\u2014a new pathway. But researchers can block both the direct pathway and the new ones that cancer cells can use. This can cause cancer cells to starve to death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why is this so important?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because many cancer types, especially when they spread to the brain, are very difficult to treat. By researching how to best block cancer cells\u2019 pathways, researchers hope to develop new and more effective treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Glucose_transporter_inhibitors\"><\/span>Glucose transporter inhibitors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is it<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glucose transporters are proteins in our cell membranes with an important task. They transport glucose (grape sugar) from the blood into the cells. Glucose is our cells\u2019 primary energy source, and therefore these transporters are crucial for our body to function optimally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glucose transporter inhibitors, as the name suggests, are substances that block or reduce the activity of these transporters. By doing this, one can reduce glucose uptake in the cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why inhibit glucose transporters<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many cancer cells have an increased need for glucose to grow and divide. By inhibiting glucose transporters in cancer cells, one can potentially slow their growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of glucose transporter inhibitors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SGLT2 inhibitors: These drugs inhibit a specific type of glucose transporter found in the kidneys. By inhibiting this transporter, more glucose is excreted in the urine, leading to lower blood sugar levels. SGLT2 inhibitors are used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_supplements_with_similar_effects\"><\/span>Dietary supplements with similar effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although there are no direct inhibitors, certain substances in foods and dietary supplements can indirectly affect glucose metabolism. Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chromium: This mineral is involved in insulin function and can help the body maintain normal blood sugar levels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>B vitamins: Some B vitamins play a role in energy production and can indirectly affect glucose metabolism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alpha-lipoic acid: This antioxidant can help improve insulin sensitivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How they work<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These drugs prevent cancer cells from absorbing glucose, their primary energy source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GLUT1 inhibitors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By limiting glucose supply, cancer cells are forced to use alternative energy sources, which can slow their growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Normal cells also use glucose, so there is a risk of side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hexokinase_inhibitors\"><\/span>Hexokinase inhibitors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is it<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hexokinase is a central enzyme in the glycolytic process, where glucose is converted into energy. In cancer cells, hexokinase is often overexpressed, contributing to the so-called Warburg effect. Therefore, hexokinase inhibitors are an interesting target for cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of hexokinase inhibitors:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3-Bromopyruvate<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This compound is one of the most studied hexokinase inhibitors. It works by binding to hexokinase and preventing it from functioning properly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2-Deoxyglucose<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This substance is a glucose analog that can inhibit hexokinase. When cancer cells absorb 2-deoxyglucose, they get trapped in an inactive state, as 2-deoxyglucose cannot be metabolized further.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_supplements_with_similar_effects-2\"><\/span>Dietary supplements with similar effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several natural compounds, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/curcumin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Curcumin<\/a> (found in <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/curcumin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">turmeric<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/egcg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Green tea<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/garlic\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Garlic<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/rosemary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Rosemary<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ingefaer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ginger<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>etc. have shown hexokinase-inhibiting properties.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hexokinase_inhibitors_and_cancer_treatment\"><\/span>Hexokinase inhibitors and cancer treatment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Specific for cancer cells<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since hexokinase is overexpressed in many cancer cells, inhibitors of this enzyme can potentially kill cancer cells without harming normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How they work<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hexokinase is the first enzyme in glycolysis. By inhibiting this enzyme, the first phase of glucose conversion to energy is blocked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Direct attack on the Warburg effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fatal genetic interaction<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Combining hexokinase inhibitors with other drugs can exploit lethal synergy, where a combination of two drugs kills cancer cells but not normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Selectivity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A major challenge is to develop hexokinase inhibitors that are specific to cancer cells and do not affect normal cell metabolism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hexokinase exists in different isoforms, and specific inhibition of the cancer cell-specific isoform can be challenging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"mTOR_inhibitors\"><\/span>mTOR inhibitors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is it<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mTOR stands for &#8220;mammalian target of rapamycin.&#8221; It is a protein that plays a central role in regulating growth, cell division, and survival. When mTOR is hyperactive, it can contribute to the development of various diseases, including cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Effect<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mTOR is a central protein that regulates cell growth, proliferation, and survival. By inhibiting mTOR, one can limit cancer cell growth and division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits<\/strong><br>Broad-spectrum effect on several different cancer types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mTOR inhibitors are drugs that specifically block the activity of mTOR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">By inhibiting mTOR, one can:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Inhibit cell growth<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This can be useful in treating cancer, where unregulated cell growth is a hallmark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Reduce inflammation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mTOR also plays a role in inflammatory processes. By inhibiting mTOR, one can reduce inflammation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Protect against neurodegenerative diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some studies suggest that mTOR inhibitors may be beneficial in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_mTOR_inhibitors_work\"><\/span>How mTOR inhibitors work<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mTOR inhibitors work by binding to the mTOR protein and preventing it from sending signals that stimulate cell growth and survival. This leads to cancer cells dying and inflammation being reduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Use of mTOR inhibitors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mTOR inhibitors are used in cancer primarily to treat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Certain types of cancer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, renal cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, and some types of lymphoma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of mTOR inhibitors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sirolimus (Rapamycin): One of the first mTOR inhibitors developed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Everolimus: Another mTOR inhibitor used to treat various cancer types.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Metformin: A well-known mTOR inhibitor primarily used for type 2 diabetes.<br>Content: Common diabetes medication with potential anti-cancer properties through mTOR inhibition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_supplements_with_mTOR-inhibiting_effects\"><\/span>Dietary supplements with mTOR-inhibiting effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/resveratrol\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Resveratrol<\/a>: Found in grape skins and other berries. Studies suggest that resveratrol may have an inhibitory effect on mTOR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/curcumin\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Curcumin<\/a>: The active compound in turmeric. Curcumin has shown promising results in reducing inflammation and may potentially affect mTOR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/egcg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">EGCG<\/a> (epigallocatechin gallate): A powerful antioxidant found in green tea. EGCG has shown anti-cancer properties and may potentially inhibit mTOR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/omega-3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fish oil<\/a>: Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil may have anti-inflammatory properties and potentially affect mTOR.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can have systemic side effects, as mTOR plays an important role in many normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fatty_Acid_Synthase_FAS_inhibitors\"><\/span>Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) inhibitors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is it<\/strong><br>Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) is an enzyme that plays a central role in the production of fatty acids in our body. Fatty acids are building blocks for cell membranes and are necessary for many biological processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FAS inhibitors are substances that block or reduce the activity of this enzyme. By inhibiting FAS, one can reduce the production of fatty acids, which can have several consequences for cells, especially cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How they work<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FAS is a key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis. By inhibiting FAS, one can limit cancer cells&#8217; ability to produce lipid membranes necessary for cell growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can be effective against cancer types with high fatty acid synthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why are FAS inhibitors interesting?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many cancer cells have increased FAS activity compared to normal cells. By inhibiting FAS, one can prevent cancer cells from building the fatty acids they need to grow and divide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How FAS inhibitors work<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FAS inhibitors work by binding to the FAS enzyme and preventing it from catalyzing the chemical reactions necessary to produce fatty acids. This leads to an accumulation of intermediate products in the process and can ultimately lead to cell death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potential side effects and challenges:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Non-specific effects<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since fatty acids are essential for many cellular processes, inhibiting FAS can also affect normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Resistance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells can develop resistance to FAS inhibitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Liver toxicity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some FAS inhibitors can be harmful to the liver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of FAS inhibitors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cerulenin: A natural substance that has been used in research but has limited clinical use due to toxicity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orlistat: Originally developed as a weight loss medication, but has also shown to inhibit FAS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_supplements_with_similar_effects-3\"><\/span>Dietary supplements with similar effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although there are no direct FAS inhibitors as dietary supplements, there are several substances found naturally in foods and supplements that have shown potential to affect fatty acid synthesis:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Resveratrol<\/strong>: Found in grape skins and other berries. Resveratrol has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and some studies suggest it may affect fatty acid synthesis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Curcumin<\/strong>: The active compound in turmeric. Curcumin has a range of health benefits and may potentially affect fatty acid synthesis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Green tea extract<\/strong>: Contains EGCG, a powerful antioxidant that may have a range of health benefits, including potentially affecting fatty acid synthesis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fish oil<\/strong>: Contains omega-3 fatty acids, which are important for many bodily functions. Some studies suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have a modulating effect on fatty acid synthesis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">FAS also has important functions in normal cells, so there is a risk of side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Glutaminolysis_inhibitors\"><\/span>Glutaminolysis inhibitors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is it<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glutaminolysis is a biochemical process where the amino acid glutamine is broken down. Glutamine is one of the most common amino acids in the body and plays an important role in many biological processes, including cell growth and energy metabolism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glutaminolysis inhibitors are substances that block or reduce the speed of this breakdown process. By inhibiting glutaminolysis, one can affect a number of cellular processes, making these substances interesting in research and potentially also therapeutic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How they work<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By inhibiting enzymes involved in glutaminolysis, one can limit cancer cells&#8217; access to this important energy source and building block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can be effective against cancer types with high glutamine dependency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Interesting in cancer treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cancer treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many cancer cells have an increased need for glutamine to maintain their rapid growth. By inhibiting glutaminolysis, one can weaken cancer cells&#8217; energy production and thus inhibit their growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How glutaminolysis inhibitors work<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glutaminolysis inhibitors work by blocking the enzymes involved in the breakdown of glutamine. This can happen in different ways, e.g., by binding to the enzyme and preventing it from functioning, or by preventing the enzyme from accessing its substrate (glutamine).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Potential side effects and challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Non-specific effects<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since glutamine is such an important amino acid for many cells in the body, inhibiting glutaminolysis can also affect normal cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Resistance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells can develop resistance to glutaminolysis inhibitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Liver toxicity<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some glutaminolysis inhibitors can be harmful to the liver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Examples of glutaminolysis inhibitors<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L-asparaginase: An enzyme that breaks down asparagine, another amino acid, but which can also affect glutamine metabolism.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucin (DON): A synthetic substance that is a potent inhibitor of glutamine synthetase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_supplements_with_some_effect\"><\/span>Dietary supplements with some effect<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although there are no direct inhibitors, certain substances in foods and dietary supplements can indirectly affect glutamine metabolism. Examples include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amino acids: Consuming amino acids such as L-glutamine or L-asparagine can affect the balance between different amino acids in the body and thus indirectly affect glutaminolysis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antioxidants: Substances like vitamin C, E, and selenium can help protect cells from oxidative stress, which may be relevant in connection with cancer and other diseases where glutamine metabolism is disrupted.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Herbal extracts: Some herbal extracts, such as green tea extract or curcumin, have shown potential to affect various cellular processes, including cell growth and metabolism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Glutamine is also important for normal cells, so there is a risk of systemic side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Blocking_pathways\"><\/span>Blocking pathways<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3762edcee655550c9a68ba0b9e55b41e wp-block-paragraph\">Here is a chart for blocking pathways, a concept that, among others, Jane McLelland works with to prevent nutrients from reaching the cancer. Here it is shown for glioblastoma, prepared by Ulrik Hedrich Munk. Under each repurposed drug and dietary supplement, you can see the mechanism of action.<br><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/15p8DkalrC7rltaz9Dmq_HrUL1kNgH2OIdOwlzN2SbSM\/edit?fbclid=IwY2xjawFKfPpleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHWm11dX3PghLx93CdkGRz10-WshbmDw7M100STLi4mSmUIyxkGxOxEmtEQ_aem_lcJBXXCHCtqRxoYYwSphoA&amp;pli=1&amp;gid=73275548#gid=73275548\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">To the chart<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Combination treatments<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A promising strategy is to combine metabolic drugs with other types of cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or immunotherapy. This can increase effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Research in metabolic targeting of cancer is developing rapidly, and there are high expectations that these new drugs will revolutionize cancer treatment. By understanding the unique metabolism of cancer cells, we can develop more effective and less toxic treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/kosttilskud-grupperet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dietary supplements grouped by effect<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/nutrition-and-diet-in-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nutrition and Diet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"metabolisk-pathways-laegemidler\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/symptoms-of-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Symptoms<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To be continued&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-485790e51077e9636b3d4b79d3c87ead wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68b26c0aefa636e6f65b711259a1996c wp-block-paragraph\">[18] <a href=\"https:\/\/pro.medicin.dk\/Laegemiddelgrupper\/Grupper\/315714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sensitivity determination and resistance (antibiotics for systemic use)<\/a> (Medicin.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How antibiotic resistance mechanisms can inform cancer treatment strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90f293b3c53b51f68fced521e60acc1d wp-block-paragraph\">[19] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dsom.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Cancer-som-metabolisk-lidelse-Carsten-Vagn-Hansen-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease, The Right Way<\/a> (Carsten Vagn Hansen, DSOM)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Danish medical perspective on metabolic cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-261fa2d4ac8ba4bc253b6326045becbd wp-block-paragraph\">[20] <a href=\"https:\/\/videnskab.dk\/naturvidenskab\/mikrorna-smaa-gener-med-stort-potentiale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MicroRNA \u2013 small genes with great potential<\/a> (Videnskab.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How microRNAs can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47f5df1a98f1edce468f042f7151c4c9 wp-block-paragraph\">[21] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biotechacademy.dk\/undervisning\/gymnasiale-projekter\/biomarkoerer\/hvad-er-en-biomarkoer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is a biomarker?<\/a> (Biotech Academy)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Explanation of biomarkers and their role in personalized cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1d6db0ae43063a799776b862c770e02c wp-block-paragraph\">[22] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xn--krftoglivet-b9a.dk\/content\/testning-af-biomarkoer-i-kraeftbehandling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testing biomarkers in cancer treatment<\/a> (Kr\u00e6ft og Livet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How biomarker testing guides treatment decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6b3b60746e75f1faa772531be8e01407 wp-block-paragraph\">[23] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/scientists-discover-unexpected-link-between-diet-and-lung-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scientists Discover Unexpected Link Between Diet And Lung Cancer Risk<\/a> (Science Alert)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research on dietary factors affecting cancer risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0dd8ccc989397c8cd7c937ecb2d45f6d wp-block-paragraph\">[24] <a href=\"https:\/\/pro.medicin.dk\/Laegemiddelgrupper\/Grupper\/315714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sensitivity determination and resistance (antibiotics for systemic use)<\/a> (Medicin.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How antibiotic resistance mechanisms can inform cancer treatment strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c90359f6a4ac878985ddf636407cbca7 wp-block-paragraph\">[25] <a href=\"https:\/\/videnskab.dk\/naturvidenskab\/mikrorna-smaa-gener-med-stort-potentiale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MicroRNA \u2013 small genes with great potential<\/a> (Videnskab.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How microRNAs can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-02b166b542b45a8c280678f0ee1f31fe wp-block-paragraph\">[26] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biotechacademy.dk\/undervisning\/gymnasiale-projekter\/biomarkoerer\/hvad-er-en-biomarkoer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is a biomarker?<\/a> (Biotech Academy)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Explanation of biomarkers and their role in personalized cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c6e276c4e95ca3f252faf649b7d36a56 wp-block-paragraph\">[27] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xn--krftoglivet-b9a.dk\/content\/testning-af-biomarkoer-i-kraeftbehandling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testing biomarkers in cancer treatment<\/a> (Kr\u00e6ft og Livet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How biomarker testing guides treatment decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9a10804bc915b4efaacfe663774cbfde wp-block-paragraph\">[28] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/scientists-discover-unexpected-link-between-diet-and-lung-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scientists Discover Unexpected Link Between Diet And Lung Cancer Risk<\/a> (Science Alert)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research on dietary factors affecting cancer risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0a1ab6d6713eececef90e8452812fd97 wp-block-paragraph\">[29] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@TheDiaryOfACEO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Video: The Cancer Doctor: \u201cThis Common Food Is Making Cancer Worse!\u201d<\/a> (The Diary Of A CEO, interview with professor Dr. Thomas Seyfried, YouTube, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Seyfried discusses how common foods may worsen cancer and the importance of metabolic approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3d46e6a58b009c4cf6e1da91dbd04093 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Page created:<\/strong> August 31, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on I Have Cancer is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;http:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/bkraeft-som-metabolisk-lidelse.jpg&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-6af895e8\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"biomarkoer-noerdet\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Biomarkers_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\"><\/span>Cancer as a Metabolic Disease &#8211; Biomarkers &#8211; Nerdy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Content:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease_%E2%80%93_general_overview\">Cancer as a metabolic disease \u2013 general overview<\/a> (scroll to)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#The_Warburg_effect\">The Warburg effect<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dr_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theories_on_cancer\">Dr. Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theories on cancer<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Otto_Warburg_and_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theory\">Otto Warburg and Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theory<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Seyfrieds_fundamental_principles\">Seyfried\u2019s fundamental principles<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Pathways_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease \u2013 Pathways \u2013 Nerdy<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4c3127a42ded70662618d50de05d797d\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Biomarkers_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\">Cancer as a Metabolic Disease \u2013 Biomarkers \u2013 Nerdy<\/a> (scroll down)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_a_biomarker\"><\/span>What is a biomarker<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A biomarker is a measurable indicator of a biological process. In relation to cancer, it can be a molecule, a cell, or a genetic trait associated with a specific cancer disease or response to treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_are_biomarkers_important\"><\/span>Why are biomarkers important<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Early detection<\/strong><br>Some biomarkers can be detected in the blood or other fluids before there are visible symptoms of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Risk assessment<\/strong><br>Biomarkers can help identify people at high risk of developing cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Diagnosis<\/strong><br>Biomarkers can confirm a cancer diagnosis and help classify the cancer type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prognosis<\/strong><br>Biomarkers can provide information about how aggressive a cancer is and how it is likely to develop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Treatment choice<\/strong><br>Biomarkers can help choose the most effective treatment for an individual patient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biomarkers_in_cancer\"><\/span>Biomarkers in cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tumor markers<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Substances produced by cancer cells that can be measured in the blood, such as PSA (prostate-specific antigen).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Genetic mutations<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Changes in genes that may be associated with an increased risk of cancer or resistance to treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Proteins<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Specific proteins that are overexpressed or underexpressed in cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MicroRNA<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Small RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression and be involved in cancer development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistance_mechanisms_in_cancer_cells\"><\/span>Resistance mechanisms in cancer cells<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why does resistance occur?<\/strong><br>Cancer cells are genetically unstable and can quickly develop mutations that make them resistant to treatment. This can be due to several factors, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Changes in target molecules<\/strong><br>Cancer cells can develop mutations in the molecules that a drug is targeted at.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Efflux pumps<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Efflux pumps are like small, built-in pumps in a cell that can actively pump various substances, including cancer drugs, out of the cell. It is like a kind of ejection mechanism that helps the cancer cell protect itself from harmful substances. Cancer cells can thus pump drugs out of the cell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Activation of alternative signaling pathways<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells can find new ways to survive and proliferate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Consequences of resistance<\/strong><br>Resistance to cancer treatment can lead to relapse and reduced survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Strategies_to_overcome_resistance\"><\/span>Strategies to overcome resistance<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Combination treatment<\/strong><br>By combining different types of treatment, one can reduce the risk of resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">New targets<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Researchers are working to identify new molecular targets within cancer cell metabolism and signaling pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Personalized medicine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By analyzing a patient\u2019s tumor at the molecular level, one can identify the specific mechanisms behind resistance and thus tailor the treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biomarkers and resistance<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Biomarkers can help us understand why some patients develop resistance to treatment. By identifying biomarkers associated with resistance, we can develop new strategies to overcome this challenge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-3\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Biomarkers have proven to be an indispensable tool in the fight against cancer. By identifying specific molecular changes in cancer cells, we can develop more targeted and effective treatments. Efflux pumps are an example of a mechanism that can limit the effect of cancer treatment, but by combining different treatment strategies and developing new drugs, we can overcome this challenge. The future of cancer treatment lies in individualizing treatment based on the patient\u2019s unique biological profile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/kosttilskud-grupperet\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dietary supplements grouped by effect<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/nutrition-and-diet-in-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Nutrition and Diet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"biomarkoer-noerdet\">See also: <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/symptoms-of-cancer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Symptoms<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4fdda987318116a10528a876c314e81a wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/symptoms-of-cancer\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0dd8ccc989397c8cd7c937ecb2d45f6d wp-block-paragraph\">[24] <a href=\"https:\/\/pro.medicin.dk\/Laegemiddelgrupper\/Grupper\/315714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Sensitivity determination and resistance (antibiotics for systemic use)<\/a> (Medicin.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How antibiotic resistance mechanisms can inform cancer treatment strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c90359f6a4ac878985ddf636407cbca7 wp-block-paragraph\">[25] <a href=\"https:\/\/videnskab.dk\/naturvidenskab\/mikrorna-smaa-gener-med-stort-potentiale\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MicroRNA \u2013 small genes with great potential<\/a> (Videnskab.dk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How microRNAs can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-02b166b542b45a8c280678f0ee1f31fe wp-block-paragraph\">[26] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biotechacademy.dk\/undervisning\/gymnasiale-projekter\/biomarkoerer\/hvad-er-en-biomarkoer\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">What is a biomarker?<\/a> (Biotech Academy)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Explanation of biomarkers and their role in personalized cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-c6e276c4e95ca3f252faf649b7d36a56 wp-block-paragraph\">[27] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xn--krftoglivet-b9a.dk\/content\/testning-af-biomarkoer-i-kraeftbehandling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Testing biomarkers in cancer treatment<\/a> (Kr\u00e6ft og Livet)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: How biomarker testing guides treatment decisions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9a10804bc915b4efaacfe663774cbfde wp-block-paragraph\">[28] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/scientists-discover-unexpected-link-between-diet-and-lung-cancer-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Scientists Discover Unexpected Link Between Diet And Lung Cancer Risk<\/a> (Science Alert)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research on dietary factors affecting cancer risk.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0a1ab6d6713eececef90e8452812fd97 wp-block-paragraph\">[29] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@TheDiaryOfACEO\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Video: The Cancer Doctor: \u201cThis Common Food Is Making Cancer Worse!\u201d<\/a> (The Diary Of A CEO, interview with professor Dr. Thomas Seyfried, YouTube, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Seyfried discusses how common foods may worsen cancer and the importance of metabolic approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3d46e6a58b009c4cf6e1da91dbd04093 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Page created:<\/strong> August 31, 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on I Have Cancer is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_84 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indhold<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Treatments\" >Treatments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease\" >Cancer as a metabolic disease<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_metabolic_disease_%E2%80%93_general_overview\" >Cancer as a metabolic disease \u2013 general overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_cells_unique_metabolism\" >Cancer cells&#8217; unique metabolism<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#The_Warburg_effect\" >The Warburg effect<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Combination_treatments\" >Combination treatments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Examples_of_metabolic_pathways\" >Examples of metabolic pathways<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#The_future\" >The future<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dr_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theories_on_cancer\" >Dr. Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theories on cancer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Otto_Warburg_and_Thomas_Seyfrieds_theory\" >Otto Warburg and Thomas Seyfried\u2019s theory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Seyfrieds_fundamental_principles\" >Seyfried\u2019s fundamental principles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Treatment\" >Treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Anti-parasite_agents\" >Anti-parasite agents<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Is_parasite_infection_good\" >Is parasite infection good?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Pathways_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\" >Cancer as a Metabolic Disease &#8211; Pathways &#8211; Nerdy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#New_cancer_drugs_with_metabolic_targeting\" >New cancer drugs with metabolic targeting<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Glucose_transporter_inhibitors\" >Glucose transporter inhibitors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dietary_supplements_with_similar_effects\" >Dietary supplements with similar effects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Hexokinase_inhibitors\" >Hexokinase inhibitors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dietary_supplements_with_similar_effects-2\" >Dietary supplements with similar effects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Hexokinase_inhibitors_and_cancer_treatment\" >Hexokinase inhibitors and cancer treatment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#mTOR_inhibitors\" >mTOR inhibitors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#How_mTOR_inhibitors_work\" >How mTOR inhibitors work<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dietary_supplements_with_mTOR-inhibiting_effects\" >Dietary supplements with mTOR-inhibiting effects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Fatty_Acid_Synthase_FAS_inhibitors\" >Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS) inhibitors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dietary_supplements_with_similar_effects-3\" >Dietary supplements with similar effects<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Glutaminolysis_inhibitors\" >Glutaminolysis inhibitors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Dietary_supplements_with_some_effect\" >Dietary supplements with some effect<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Blocking_pathways\" >Blocking pathways<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Conclusion-2\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Cancer_as_a_Metabolic_Disease_%E2%80%93_Biomarkers_%E2%80%93_Nerdy\" >Cancer as a Metabolic Disease &#8211; Biomarkers &#8211; Nerdy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#What_is_a_biomarker\" >What is a biomarker<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Why_are_biomarkers_important\" >Why are biomarkers important<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Biomarkers_in_cancer\" >Biomarkers in cancer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Resistance_mechanisms_in_cancer_cells\" >Resistance mechanisms in cancer cells<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Strategies_to_overcome_resistance\" >Strategies to overcome resistance<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/#Conclusion-3\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Treatments Block cancer&#8217;s growth pathways Cancer as a metabolic disease Content: Summary of cancer as a metabolic disease What is it The Warburg effect and cell fermentation Treatment Strategies and the Future Cancer as a metabolic disease \u2013 general overview When considering cancer as a metabolic disease, it opens new perspectives on the disease\u2019s development [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[412,414,391],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-diagnosis","category-cancer-forms","category-metabolic-strategy"],"modified_by":"Hanne Kj\u00e6r Uhlig","wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37208"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37268,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37208\/revisions\/37268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}