{"id":35511,"date":"2026-04-30T15:18:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T14:18:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/?p=35511"},"modified":"2026-04-30T19:47:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T18:47:31","slug":"hydroxycitrat-hca","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydroxycitrate and cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-section-5 has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-f328f78a4ce00034d2a9b10fe77a236b has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-5--2\" id=\"menu\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ca2dd60b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a867a5e69af727a1b962d2b1d75fb9e7\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_Supplements_Grouped_by_Effect\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/kosttilskud-grupperet\/\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/kosttilskud-grupperet\/\">Dietary Supplements Grouped by Effect<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dietary_Supplements_Alphabetical\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/supplements-alphabetically\/\">Dietary Supplements Alphabetical<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5412a93e7d61feae29eecb1b16c44281\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/acai-berries-and-cancer\/\">A,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/baicalin\/\">B,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cats-claw-tomentosa\/\">C,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/danshen\/\">D,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/echinacea\/\">E+F,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/garcinia-cambogia\/\">G,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hemp-seeds\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-hvid-tekst-color\">H<\/mark>,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/indol-3-carbinol\/\">I+J<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color\">+K,<\/mark><\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/lions-mane\/\">L,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/maitake\/\">M,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/n-acetyl-cysteine\/\">N,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/omega-3\/\">O,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/peppermint\/pebermynte\/\">P<mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-interne-links-color\">,<\/mark><\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/quercetin\/\">Q,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/reishi\/\">R,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/selenium\/\">S,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/thc-cannabis\/\">T,<\/a><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color\">.<\/mark> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/vitamin-b\/\">U+V+Z<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list has-custom-hvid-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-05e6f2c709aa0391be9d49f9f9cd3ee5\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3032b1fae8fb06bc90be944630414fc5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hemp-seeds\/\">Hemp seeds<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2931bac94076d97c058971bf15ab27a9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/holy-basil\/\">Holy Basil<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-767d5d7c7c5c2c67df76e979f89837e4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/honikiol\/\">Honokiol<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-her-st-r-du-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-338890b3c510001a448570c275a676ef\"><a href=\"#hydroxycitrat\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) (scroll down)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-945ba9319831fcf40f6863311526cdc3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxytyrosol\/\">Hydroxytyrosol<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-custom-interne-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a141aae0da29d0267d89e3bd69e2a683 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"1000\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hydroxycitrat.jpg\" alt=\"Hydroxycitrat symboliseret ved et brunt pilleglas fra Solgar med metall\u00e5g og p\u00e5skriften Hydroxy Citrate.\" class=\"wp-image-35510\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;width:550px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hydroxycitrat.jpg 682w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hydroxycitrat-600x880.jpg 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hydroxycitrat-205x300.jpg 205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Hydroxycitrat.jpg&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-906497af\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"hydroxycitrat\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hydroxycitrate_HCA_and_cancer\"><\/span>Hydroxycitrate (HCA) and cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Hydroxycitrate (HCA)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is a naturally occurring organic acid derivative of citric acid. It is primarily found in the fruit rind of the plant <em>Garcinia cambogia<\/em>, a small fruit tree with pumpkin-shaped fruits native to Southeast Asia and India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">History<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Historically, <em>Garcinia cambogia<\/em> has been used in traditional medicine in these regions for various purposes, including indigestion, treating parasites, and as an appetite suppressant. In recent years, HCA has become the subject of significant interest in the Western world, primarily due to its potential role in weight control, but also because of its effects in connection with cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mechanisms_of_action\"><\/span>Mechanisms of action<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is believed to exert its effects through several complex biochemical mechanisms in the body. These mechanisms may have relevance in connection with cancer, although research in this area is still in the early stages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the best-studied mechanisms of action for HCA is its ability to inhibit the enzyme ATP-citrate lyase [1, 2, 4]. This enzyme plays a central role in <em>de novo lipogenesis<\/em> (new formation of fatty acids). ATP-citrate lyase catalyzes the conversion of citrate, which comes from the mitochondria (the cell&#8217;s power plants), into acetyl-CoA (acetyl-coenzyme A) in the cytosol. Acetyl-CoA is an important building block for the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and other lipids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By inhibiting ATP-citrate lyase, HCA reduces the availability of acetyl-CoA. This can have several potential effects in relation to cancer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Decreased fatty acid synthesis:<\/strong> Cancer cells often have increased fatty acid synthesis, which is necessary for the formation of cell membranes and energy storage, supporting their rapid growth and spread. By inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, HCA can potentially limit the resources cancer cells need to grow and divide [1].<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Effect on cholesterol biosynthesis:<\/strong> Acetyl-CoA is also a precursor for cholesterol. Although the direct effect of HCA on cholesterol in cancer cells is less studied, a reduction in acetyl-CoA could potentially affect cholesterol levels, which also play a role in cell membrane integrity and signaling in cancer cells.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Metabolic stress:<\/strong> The inhibition of a central metabolic pathway like fatty acid synthesis can potentially induce metabolic stress in cancer cells, making them more vulnerable to other treatments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Effect on glucose metabolism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addition to its effect on fatty acid synthesis, HCA may also influence glucose metabolism. Some studies suggest that HCA can increase glycogen storage and potentially improve insulin sensitivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the direct link to cancer might not be immediately obvious, there is a growing understanding of how metabolic disturbances, including insulin resistance and altered glucose uptake, can influence cancer development and progression. By modulating glucose metabolism, HCA can indirectly influence the behavior of cancer cells.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"\">Can fructose feed cancer?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Antioxidant effect<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certain investigations have suggested that extracts from <em>Garcinia cambogia<\/em>, which contain HCA, may have antioxidant effects. Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize free radicals. Oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of many cancers [7].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If HCA possesses significant antioxidant properties, it could potentially contribute to protecting cells from damage and inhibiting cancer development. However, it is important to note that the primary mechanism of action highlighted for HCA is the inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact on inflammatory pathways<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inflammation plays a complex role in cancer. Chronic inflammation can create an environment that promotes tumor growth and spread. Some preclinical studies have indicated that HCA may have anti-inflammatory effects by influencing various inflammatory signaling pathways. By dampening inflammation, HCA can potentially contribute to creating a less favorable environment for cancer cell growth and metastasis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potential_as_a_supplementary_treatment_for_cancer\"><\/span>Potential as a supplementary treatment for cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) shows promising potential as a supplementary treatment for cancer, primarily due to its impact on central metabolic processes crucial for cancer cell survival and growth:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Inhibition of cancer cell growth and metastasis<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Several <em>in vitro<\/em> studies have demonstrated that HCA can inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells, including liver cancer cells (hepatocellular carcinoma), colon cancer cells, and breast cancer cells [1, 2]. The mechanism behind this inhibition is primarily believed to be related to HCA&#8217;s ability to block fatty acid synthesis via inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, some <em>in vivo<\/em> studies on animal models have suggested that HCA can reduce tumor growth and inhibit metastasis [8]. These results suggest that HCA could potentially play a role in preventing the spread of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Synergy with conventional cancer treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is growing interest in investigating whether HCA can improve the effectiveness of conventional cancer treatments like chemotherapy [8]. Some preclinical studies have indicated that HCA in combination with certain chemotherapeutic agents can have a synergistic effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, a study investigated the combination of hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid (METABLOC) alongside chemotherapy and observed improved effectiveness against tumor development in experimental trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Impact on cancer cell metabolism<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells often exhibit an altered metabolism, known as the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"\">Warburg effect<\/a>, where they primarily rely on glycolysis for energy production even in the presence of oxygen [5]. By affecting both fatty acid synthesis and potentially glucose metabolism, HCA can intervene in these metabolic processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Anti-angiogenic potential<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angiogenesis is a crucial process for tumor growth and metastasis. Some preclinical studies have suggested that HCA may have anti-angiogenic properties by inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels in tumors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Hydroxycitrate_HCA\"><\/span>Advantages of Hydroxycitrate (HCA)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) exhibits several potential advantages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Natural origin and relatively low toxicity<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HCA is a natural substance extracted from the fruit rind of <em><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"\">Garcinia cambogia<\/a><\/em>. Generally, it is considered relatively safe for short-term use in recommended doses. This is a significant advantage compared to many conventional treatments associated with significant side effects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Broad-spectrum metabolic impact<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HCA affects several central metabolic pathways. This broad-spectrum action can be beneficial in treating cancer, as cancer cells often have altered metabolism and are dependent on these pathways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Possibility of synergy with conventional treatment<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As mentioned, preclinical evidence suggests HCA may have a synergistic effect when combined with certain chemotherapeutic agents [8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disadvantages_and_limitations\"><\/span>Disadvantages and limitations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">While HCA shows promising potential, there are also disadvantages:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Limited clinical evidence in humans<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most significant limitation is the lack of comprehensive human clinical studies specifically examining HCA&#8217;s effect as a supplementary treatment for cancer. Most results come from <em>in vitro<\/em> and <em>in vivo<\/em> animal models.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potential side effects<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although generally considered safe, some individuals may experience digestive issues like nausea, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort. Headache and skin rash have also been reported in rare cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Possible interactions with medication<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">HCA can potentially interact with certain medications. For example, it may affect blood sugar control and interact with antidiabetics like metformin and insulin. There is also a theoretical risk of interactions with blood thinners like warfarin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Clinical_studies\"><\/span>Clinical studies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Currently, there is a limited number of clinical studies specifically examining HCA as a supplementary treatment for cancer in humans. Most existing studies have focused on weight loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A case report investigated the combination of hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid (METABLOC) as a supplement to chemotherapy and observed a positive effect on tumor development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some smaller clinical studies have examined the effect of <em><a href=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Garcinia cambogia<\/a><\/em> extracts on metabolic parameters in cancer patients, focusing on weight and quality of life.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Safety\"><\/span>Safety<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is generally considered quite safe for most adults for short-term oral intake (up to 12 weeks) in recommended doses (typically up to 2800 mg HCA per day).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Precautions:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pregnancy and breastfeeding:<\/strong> HCA should generally be avoided due to a lack of research.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Diabetes:<\/strong> HCA can affect blood sugar control; use caution and monitor levels closely in consultation with a practitioner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bleeding disorders:<\/strong> There is a theoretical possibility that HCA can affect blood coagulation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Surgery:<\/strong> It is generally recommended to stop taking HCA a few weeks before planned surgery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dispensing_and_application\"><\/span>Dispensing and application<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dosage:<\/strong> Typical doses in weight loss studies range between 500 mg and 2800 mg HCA per day. There is no established standard dose for cancer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Administration:<\/strong> Taken orally with water, often before meals.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Duration:<\/strong> There is no established recommended duration for use in connection with cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Based on available research, the half-life of HCA varies:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Oral administration:<\/strong> Peak plasma concentration (Cmax) is reached after approximately 2-3 hours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Encapsulated formulation (e.g., exosomes):<\/strong> A newer pharmacokinetic study with HCA encapsulated in bovine milk exosomes showed a <strong>sustained release<\/strong> with a half-life of <strong>22.74 hours<\/strong> [1].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is a natural substance with interesting mechanisms that could potentially have relevance as a supplementary treatment for cancer. Preclinical studies suggest it can inhibit growth and metastasis, have synergistic effects with chemotherapy, and impact cancer cell metabolism [1, 2, 8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, there is a significant need for well-designed clinical studies to establish HCA&#8217;s actual potential as a safe and effective supplementary treatment for cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Back to <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/supplements-alphabetically\/\">Dietary supplements<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-as-a-metabolic-disease-warburg-effect-dr-thomas-seyfried-metabolism-warburg-mtor\/\">Cancer as a metabolic disease<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"hydroxycitrat\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/kosttilskud-og-kemoterapi\/\">Dietary supplements and chemotherapy &#8211; Interactions<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9190cfe395c28e4d2ec89873338ddaa5 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/supplements-alphabetically\/\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9f4fbc9ec9c2cbd2b992d7d1a79bf1ba wp-block-paragraph\">[1]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40025393\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inhibition of ATP Citrate Lyase by Hydroxycitrate-Loaded Exosomes Suppresses the Survival of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A pharmacokinetic study showing that HCA encapsulated in exosomes has a long half-life and suppresses lung cancer cell survival by inhibiting ATP-citrate lyase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-eff0f2af5847b8ec1b6c20621f5b1e96 wp-block-paragraph\">[2] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36401980\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hydroxycitric acid reverses tamoxifen resistance through inhibition of ATP citrate lyase<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research documenting that HCA can help overcome resistance to hormonal therapy (tamoxifen) in breast cancer cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a0fad02a77c05d29345572500ecc296d wp-block-paragraph\">[3] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34976217\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Extracellular ATP is increased by release of ATP-loaded microparticles triggered by nutrient deprivation<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A study on cellular energy mechanisms and ATP release during nutrient stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142b34f183d924bbb01d5fd5800b6c4d wp-block-paragraph\">[4] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32448086\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Discovery of a new ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitor identified by a pharmacophore-based virtual screening study<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research identifying inhibitors of ATP-citrate lyase, the enzyme HCA targets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-ed21eb0851dece94b73bb984649c462b wp-block-paragraph\">[5] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34073567\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hyperosmolarity Triggers the Warburg Effect in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells and Reveals a Reduced Mitochondria Horsepower<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A study exploring the triggers of the Warburg Effect (metabolic shift) in cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-344f1f6872ce49bffcd26d2f5a768cee wp-block-paragraph\">[6] M<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33460282\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ass spectrometric investigations of caloric restriction mimetics\u00a0<\/a>(PubMed, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Investigations into substances like HCA that mimic the metabolic effects of caloric restriction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e47333ba761b38838a4079fc54c564ac wp-block-paragraph\">[7] <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31614647\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Therapeutic Effect of\u00a0<em>Garcinia cambogia<\/em>\u00a0Extract and Hydroxycitric Acid Inhibiting Hypoxia-Inducible Factor in a Murine Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2019)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A study showing HCA&#8217;s potential to inhibit factors involved in oxygen-deprived (hypoxic) tumor environments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d435849d2fddc779679d28a351211d77 wp-block-paragraph\">[8]  <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31646107\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">A synergistic triad of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and caloric restriction mimetics eradicates tumors in mice<\/a>\u00a0(PubMed, 2019))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: Research demonstrating that HCA (as a caloric restriction mimetic) works synergistically with chemotherapy to eradicate tumors in animal models.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23f9c47952bf98eeab20f28efd1ef443 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Page created:<\/strong> Apr 13, 2025. Last revised: Apr 30, 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on Jeg har Kr\u00e6ft is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indhold<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Dietary_Supplements_Grouped_by_Effect\" >Dietary Supplements Grouped by Effect<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Dietary_Supplements_Alphabetical\" >Dietary Supplements Alphabetical<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Hydroxycitrate_HCA_and_cancer\" >Hydroxycitrate (HCA) and cancer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Mechanisms_of_action\" >Mechanisms of action<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Potential_as_a_supplementary_treatment_for_cancer\" >Potential as a supplementary treatment for cancer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Advantages_of_Hydroxycitrate_HCA\" >Advantages of Hydroxycitrate (HCA)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Disadvantages_and_limitations\" >Disadvantages and limitations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Clinical_studies\" >Clinical studies<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Safety\" >Safety<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Dispensing_and_application\" >Dispensing and application<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/hydroxycitrat-hca\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dietary Supplements Grouped by Effect Dietary Supplements Alphabetical A,. B,. C,. D,. E+F,. G,. H,. I+J+K,. L,. M,. N,. O,. P,. Q,. R,. S,. T,. U+V+Z Hydroxycitrate (HCA) and cancer What is Hydroxycitrate (HCA) Hydroxycitrate (HCA) is a naturally occurring organic acid derivative of citric acid. It is primarily found in the fruit rind of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35510,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[389,375,374],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-supplements","category-alternative-treatments","category-treatments"],"modified_by":"Hanne Kj\u00e6r Uhlig","wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35511"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35656,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35511\/revisions\/35656"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}