{"id":33057,"date":"2025-07-02T19:36:45","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T18:36:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/?p=33057"},"modified":"2026-04-08T17:36:04","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T16:36:04","slug":"niclosamide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/","title":{"rendered":"Niclosamide and cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-section-5 has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-c7ef82629306b75f4e4baf7c4aa06690 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained is-style-section-5--2\" id=\"menu\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ca2dd60b wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85c9ab605a9af581478ba1bfba8fd611\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatments\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/cancer-treatments-overview\/\">Treatments<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62fbd8a855a635c6daf2966515c6b657\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Complementary_and_Alternative_Treatments\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/alternative-oversigt\/\">Complementary and Alternative Treatments<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-custom-interne-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108097b7310ef37acb9af28531f95151 has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-599fefed0b4aa5372774a44a447e182a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/akupunktur\/\">Physical treatments<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d470a4e0297363903b2b247868dcf9ed\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/repurposed-drugs\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-hvid-tekst-color\">Repurposed Drugs &#8211; General<\/mark><\/a>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-780fac237d6d09f0087842050420bfba\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/aspirin\/\">Painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fad7d0169f73487a5cb08247fb6344df\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/dipyridamole\/\">Heart and circulatory medications<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-053032350a6bf6f44a8a7569848a4b3d\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/doxycycline\/\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-hvid-tekst-color\">Antibiotics and antiparasitic agents<\/mark><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e87df1a7a6119779a4006c75b78b460e\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/doxycycline\/\">Doxycycline<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5311555f3d0b0aeaed276a15e6d41095\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/fenbendazole\/\">Fenbendazole<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16894c4acd8e426a5011909de4d29b0c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/ivermectin\/\">Ivermectin<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/?p=33036\">Mebendazole<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-her-st-r-du-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1293ccd7c7e3ac8bf5ec46bea178e216\"><a href=\"#niclosamide\">Niclosamide (scroll down)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/plaquenil\/\">Plaquenil<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/?p=33036\">Vermox<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a99575c8ffb4e827783ab6d56f16ed45\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/metformin\/\">Diabetes medication<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6c31e64b006d888e2e94cb9770a3c32c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/low-dose-naltrexone\/\">Agents affecting hormones and signaling substances<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd7ca0bc23a9ec3ca6e860ef8de7693a\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/disulfiram\/\">Other medications<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66a0e4204f5201bcc8494f5822b38efe\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/the-coc-protocol\/\">COC Protocol<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9504e56e950d068c15963cbdbf1fdaaf\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/no-medicine-plan-b\/\">No medication \u2013 Plan B<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50bb8d7b4bb216418ba3c0d4a402648c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/repurposed-drugs-and-chemotherapy\/\">Repurposed drugs and chemotherapy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-af88e7f595afd58f141d2c174a141555\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/repurposed-drugs-and-radiotherapy\/\">Repurposed drugs and radiation therapy<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-fdcca37908d1ee30f10c493cfd47c14c\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/flcccs-rangering-af-repurposed-drugs\/\">FLCCC\u2019s ranking of repurposed drugs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4c827eb85783b3d07583409effc04d57\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/brain-metastases-and-bloodbrain-barrier\/\">Brain metastases and the blood-brain barrier<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"has-custom-int-link-p-sort-1-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cf6cfac91ed1b7d193bc5d25a711b818\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/bombs-fire-extinguishers-and-timing\/\">Bombs, fire extinguishers, and timing<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid.jpg\" alt=\"Niclosamid symboliseret ved et foto af pakning i hvid og r\u00f8dt med blister-indhold. P\u00e5skrift NiclosaCare.\" class=\"wp-image-33051\" style=\"aspect-ratio:3\/2;object-fit:cover;width:550px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid.jpg&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-906497af\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"niclosamide\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Niclosamide_and_cancer\"><\/span>Niclosamide and cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C<strong>ontent:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#niclosamid\">Niclosamid<\/a> (scroll down)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#parasitaere-sammenholdt\">Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet<\/a> (scroll to)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-sort-tekst-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Short summary of niclosamide<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niclosamide is a well-known drug normally used for parasitic infections. It is now being investigated as a potential cancer treatment because its safety profile in humans is already known, which can expedite research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mechanism of action:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The substance is interesting because it appears to hit cancer cells at several critical points simultaneously:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Energy blockade:<\/strong> It disrupts the cells&#8217; energy production (metabolism), which can lead to cell death.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Growth inhibition:<\/strong> It blocks several of the central signaling pathways necessary for cancer cell growth and survival.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Attack on stem cells:<\/strong> It shows a particular potential to eliminate the more resistant cancer stem cells, which are believed to cause recurrence and spread.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The central challenge:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The biggest obstacle is the drug&#8217;s very low bioavailability. This means the body only absorbs a fraction of the medicine when taken as a pill. Consequently, the concentration in the blood becomes too low to have an effective impact on cancer cells throughout the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Status and conclusion:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Due to the absorption problem, niclosamide is not a viable standard treatment for cancer at this time. All research is focused on developing new versions (formulations) of the drug that can solve this problem. It is therefore a promising, yet still experimental, treatment option.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-sort-tekst-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"niclosamid\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_niclosamide\"><\/span>What is niclosamide<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2.png\" alt=\"Niclosamid symboliseret ved molekylestrukturen tegnet med hvide, gr\u00e5, r\u00f8de og gr\u00f8nne kugler. hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14770\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid2-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"niclosamid\">Niclosamide is a drug that has been used for decades to treat tapeworm infections. It is a well-known and proven agent in that context. Interest in niclosamide for cancer treatment has arisen because researchers have discovered that the same mechanisms that kill parasites also appear to be highly effective against cancer cells. One is essentially trying to &#8220;repurpose&#8221; an old drug for a new purpose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenge_with_absorption\"><\/span>Challenge with absorption<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-background-color has-background wp-block-paragraph\">Niclosamide is very difficult to absorb from the intestine. To increase the chance of a systemic effect, the capsules should always be taken in connection with a meal containing fat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Niclosamide_and_cancer-2\"><\/span>Niclosamide and cancer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4.png\" alt=\"Niclosamid symboliseret ved to celler ved siden af hinanden p\u00e5 sort baggrund. den ene har sm\u00e5 gr\u00f8nne partikler i sig og den anden r\u00f8de. celledelene er brunlige.\" class=\"wp-image-14772\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid4-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niclosamide&#8217;s potential as a cancer agent is not due to a single effect, but its ability to function as a &#8220;multi-target&#8221; drug. It attacks and disrupts several fundamental survival processes in cancer cells simultaneously. This multifaceted approach is crucial as it reduces the cancer cells&#8217; ability to develop resistance, as is often seen with more targeted treatments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A. The metabolic attack: Collapse of the cell&#8217;s energy supply<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The metabolism of cancer cells is often radically different from that of normal cells. Many tumors exhibit a strong dependence on sugar (glucose) and have a uniquely vulnerable energy system. Niclosamide exploits this vulnerability directly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Oxidative stress and cell death:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>When mitochondrial function is disrupted so violently, they begin to produce large amounts of harmful, reactive oxygen species (ROS). This tidal wave of ROS creates massive oxidative stress in the cancer cell, damaging DNA, proteins, and membranes, ultimately acting as a powerful trigger for programmed cell death (apoptosis).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mitochondrial uncoupling:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Niclosamide functions as a highly effective &#8220;protonophore.&#8221; In the cell&#8217;s power plants, the mitochondria, energy (in the form of the molecule ATP) is created by building a voltage difference\u2014a so-called proton gradient\u2014across an inner membrane. Niclosamide acts as a &#8220;leak&#8221; that transports protons across this membrane, short-circuiting the voltage difference. This uncouples the entire energy production. The result is an immediate and catastrophic drop in the cell&#8217;s ATP levels, while the energy is instead released as pure heat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B. Sabotage of the central signaling network<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cancer cells depend on a complex network of internal communication pathways that constantly signal &#8220;growth&#8221; and &#8220;survival.&#8221; Niclosamide acts as a saboteur hitting several of the network&#8217;s most important nodes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NF-\u03baB and chemosensitization:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NF-\u03baB is the cell&#8217;s primary defense against stress. Cancer cells hijack this mechanism to survive chemotherapy and radiation. By inhibiting NF-\u03baB, niclosamide removes one of the cancer cell&#8217;s most important defense mechanisms. This means niclosamide can not only work alone but also make cancer cells significantly more sensitive to traditional treatments\u2014a process known as &#8220;chemosensitization.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin axis:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>This signaling pathway is crucial for cell division and differentiation and is permanently &#8220;turned on&#8221; in many types of cancer, especially colorectal cancer. Overactive Wnt signaling is also linked to the process where cancer cells transform to spread (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, EMT). Niclosamide forces the cell to degrade the central protein \u03b2-catenin, effectively shutting down this critical growth motor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>STAT3 \u2013 an &#8220;onco-transcription factor&#8221;:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>STAT3 is a protein that, when active, moves into the cell nucleus and turns on genes encoding survival proteins (like Bcl-2 and Mcl-1) and growth factors that stimulate the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis). Niclosamide prevents the activation (phosphorylation) of STAT3. Thus, the production of proteins the cancer cell depends on to resist cell death and attract nutrients is blocked.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C. Elimination of resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Perhaps the most significant effect of niclosamide is its potential to target and kill cancer stem cells. These cells are a small subgroup of cells in a tumor that are extremely resistant to traditional treatment and are believed to be responsible for the cancer spreading (metastasizing) and returning after treatment. CSC survival and self-renewal ability are critically dependent on the very signaling pathways that niclosamide inhibits (especially Wnt and STAT3). By interrupting these pathways, niclosamide removes the foundation keeping the stem cells alive, making it a potential &#8220;anti-relapse&#8221; treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D. Disruption of Autophagy<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Autophagy is the cell&#8217;s recycling system, where damaged components are broken down and reused. In cancer, this process can be a double-edged sword. Niclosamide appears to block the final step in the autophagy process. This leads to an accumulation of &#8220;cellular waste&#8221; and defective mitochondria, further stressing the cancer cell and pushing it toward death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>One side of the sword (helps the cancer):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Survival under pressure:<\/strong> When a cancer cell is under attack from, for example, chemotherapy or lacks nutrients, it can activate autophagy to survive. It &#8220;eats&#8221; its own damaged parts to obtain energy and building blocks. It functions as a survival mechanism that makes the cancer cell more resilient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The other side of the sword (damages the cancer):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A vulnerability that can be exploited:<\/strong> Precisely because the cancer cell is so dependent on this survival mechanism, it also becomes a vulnerability. If one blocks autophagy (which substances like hydroxychloroquine and partially niclosamide do), the cell&#8217;s lifeline is removed. It can no longer clean up its own waste, and damaged components and toxins accumulate. This pushes the stressed cancer cell over the edge, leading to its death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In short:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Autophagy is a process the cancer cell uses to save itself. But if this rescue operation is blocked, the cell dies from the very same chaos it tried to clean up. Therefore, it is a &#8220;double-edged sword&#8221;: it can both save and (if blocked) defeat the cancer cell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Research_status\"><\/span>Research status<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14774\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid6-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Difficult absorption<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the promising mechanisms, there is a fundamental and very large challenge preventing niclosamide from becoming an effective cancer treatment: the substance is almost impossible to absorb into the body.Difficult absorption<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Despite the promising mechanisms, there is a fundamental and very large challenge preventing niclosamide from becoming an effective cancer treatment: the substance is almost impossible to absorb into the body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Working on a solution<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When niclosamide is taken as a standard tablet, only a vanishingly small portion of the substance is absorbed from the intestine into the bloodstream. The concentration simply becomes too low to have an effect on cancer cells elsewhere in the body. Current research is therefore centered on solving this single problem, for example, by developing new technologies that &#8220;package&#8221; the substance so it can be absorbed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Not yet applicable<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Due to this challenge, niclosamide remains a purely experimental agent, only tested in laboratories and very early clinical trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potential_side_effects\"><\/span>Potential side effects<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3.png\" alt=\"Niclosamid symboliseret ved planche med menneskekrop hvor mave-tarmkanal kan ses. Ved siden af nogle organsymboler. hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14771\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid3-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From its many years of use as a deworming agent, a number of possible side effects are known. They are generally mild and related to the gastrointestinal system. They may include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nausea and vomiting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stomach pain or discomfort<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diarrhea<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Itching<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is important to remember that these side effects have been observed during short-term use against parasites, and little is known about the effects of potential long-term use in cancer treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1.png\" alt=\"Niclosamid symboliseret ved lilla celle der bliver angrebet af noget. sort baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14769\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid1-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On paper, niclosamide has some of the most interesting and multifunctional mechanisms of action among repurposed drugs. Its ability to hit cancer cells&#8217; energy, growth signals, and stem cells makes it a highly potential substance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, as long as the massive challenge of getting the substance absorbed into the body remains unsolved, it stays a promising theory and is far from being a usable treatment for patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niclosamide is a medication, and its use should always be discussed with a qualified practitioner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are in doubt, it can be checked here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44e9f8537547201e0b860469b007bb4f wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR2Un76TmB0Yk4p7gHQ4TUFL7cCg_ob3aVB1DcZjT48o-YwFap8riMvnNiQ_aem__ZDuOwAdzVO0yZi5iJKihQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Drugs.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/repurposed-drugs\/\">Repurposed Drugs<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ingen-medicin-plan-b\/\">No medicine &#8211; Plan B<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/parasittens-vej-til-kraeft\/\">The parasite&#8217;s path to cancer<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To be continued&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-485790e51077e9636b3d4b79d3c87ead wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67a4902e9e2dd083baa0cf254855860e wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40446543\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Computer-aided drug discovery of a dual-target inhibitor for ovarian cancer: therapeutic intervention targeting CDK1\/TTK signaling pathway and structural insights in the NCI-60<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> This investigation identified 35 genes, including CDK1 and TTK, as important targets in ovarian cancer, which often develops resistance to treatment. NSC765690 (MCC22) was found to be a promising niclosamide analog with strong activity against both targets, which may help overcome chemotherapy resistance. The results show a data-driven approach to developing new therapies for ovarian cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-342d3eca819bc491552472a375c47e44 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40521512\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Niclosamide Treatment Suppressed Metastatic, Apoptotic, and Proliferative Characteristics of MDA-MB-231 Cancer Stem Cells<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> This study showed that niclosamide effectively induces apoptosis and stops the cell cycle in aggressive triple-negative breast cancer-CSCs in a 3D model. The treatment reduced metastasis- and resistance-related genes as well as EMT markers, which may improve treatment effectiveness against cancer. The results suggest that niclosamide can increase CSC sensitivity and prevent tumor recurrence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4def919f735299993d08bb6a73814c2c wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40153934\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pharmacological advances and therapeutic applications of niclosamide in cancer and other diseases<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Niclosamide is an FDA-approved drug with potential in cancer treatment, especially against resistant ovarian cancer, by modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. New formulations and nanotechnology improve bioavailability, strengthening its therapeutic possibilities. It shows promising versatility in the treatment of cancer, viral infection, and inflammatory diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7ae98a01281a9f617c318c7a12f8a6a5 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40466616\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Study on the mechanism of niclosamide ethanolamine salt-hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin in the treatment of colon cancer based on metabolomics and 16S rRNA technology<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>NHC, an improved form of niclosamide, shows increased solubility and potential as a treatment for colon cancer. The analysis confirms that NHC is more effective than NES, and metabolomics as well as 16S rRNA investigate its mechanism. This may open new possibilities for niclosamide-based cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28451a47f3f0c384dbad5b7c5805b9ae wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38820079\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antitumor activity of niclosamide-mediated oxidative stress against acute lymphoblastic leukemia<\/a> (PubMed, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Niclosamide was shown to be able to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by increasing reactive oxygen species and activating TP53. It has potential as a new treatment to improve response and extend survival in ALL patients. These results indicate that niclosamide could become a promising therapeutic agent against ALL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>To be continued&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Page created:<\/strong> July 2, 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on Jeg har Kr\u00e6ft is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-style-default has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b040ace0 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained has-background\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);background-image:url(&apos;https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler.png&apos;);background-position:44% 36%;background-size:cover;\">\n<div class=\"gb-element-da9592f4\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"parasitaere-compariso\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Antiparasitic_drugs_%E2%80%93_compariso\"><\/span>Antiparasitic drugs &#8211; compariso<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-sort-tekst-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Short summary of differences and similarities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although several antiparasitic agents are being investigated for their effect against cancer, they work in widely different ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mebendazole:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Destroys the cancer cell&#8217;s internal &#8220;skeleton&#8221; (microtubules) to stop cell division. Among the drugs mentioned here, it is the one most extensively studied in clinical trials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fenbendazole:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Also destroys the cell&#8217;s &#8220;skeleton&#8221; but is additionally believed to create metabolic stress. It has a strong anecdotal history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Niclosamide:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Interrupts the cell&#8217;s energy supply while simultaneously blocking its growth signals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ivermectin:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Creates internal stress in the cell and prevents it from pumping out chemotherapy, which can counteract resistance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hydroxychloroquine:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Blocks the cell&#8217;s &#8220;recycling system&#8221; (autophagy), causing it to succumb to its own waste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The point is that these different mechanisms allow for strategic combinations where cancer can be attacked from multiple angles simultaneously to achieve a stronger effect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-custom-sort-tekst-background-color has-background\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Antiparasitic_agents_compared\"><\/span>Antiparasitic agents compared<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7.png\" alt=\"Niclosamid symboliseret ved rosa forh\u00f8jning af noget celleagtigt. rosa kugleforede elementer omkring denne. bl\u00e5 baggrund \u00f8verst.\" class=\"wp-image-14768\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid7-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most promising areas within complementary and experimental cancer treatment is repurposed drugs. A particularly interesting group consists of antiparasitic agents. Many of these substances have proven to possess potent anticancer properties, but it is crucial to understand that they do not all work the same way. Their attacks on cancer cells are widely different.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Below is a comparison of the most discussed substances and their unique mechanisms of action to provide a clear overview of their individual strengths and potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mebendazole_Vermox\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/vermox\/\">Mebendazole<\/a> (Vermox)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved celle i rosa, der er sk\u00e5ret op. hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14780\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Mebendazol-parasitaere-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Main mechanism: Destruction of microtubules (the cell&#8217;s scaffolding)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mebendazole&#8217;s primary and most well-documented effect is a disruption of the cancer cells&#8217; internal skeleton. The substance, which belongs to the benzimidazole family, works by binding to the protein tubulin and preventing it from assembling into microtubules. This effectively stops cell division (mitosis) and leads to cell death. Mebendazole is also the benzimidazole that has been the subject of the most formal clinical investigations, especially in connection with aggressive brain tumors (glioblastoma), where it has been tested as a supplement to standard chemotherapy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> A direct, physical attack on the cell&#8217;s structure. It is the benzimidazole most extensively studied in human clinical trials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also links at the bottom of this article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fenbendazole\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/fenbendazol\/\">Fenbendazole<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved Kompliceret celle i bl\u00e5 med lyser\u00f8de enheder indeni. Bl\u00e5 baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14781\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Fenbendazol2-parasitaere-midler-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main mechanism:<\/strong> Destruction of microtubules (the cell&#8217;s scaffolding).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fenbendazole shares the same core mechanism as mebendazole, namely destroying the cancer cells&#8217; microtubules and thereby stopping cell division. Its popularity, however, is driven more by preclinical studies (laboratory and animal trials) as well as strong patient reports and compelling anecdotal evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Secondary mechanisms:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In addition to the microtubule effect, research indicates that fenbendazole has a unique ability to stress the metabolism of cancer cells by blocking their sugar uptake. Certain studies also indicate that it can reactivate the tumor-suppressor gene p53.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Characterized by having a strong anecdotal history and a research focus on its ability to create metabolic stress.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also links at the bottom of this article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Niclosamide\"><\/span><a href=\"\/niclosamid\">Niclosamide<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved lilla celle med nogle orange enheder p\u00e5 overfladen. hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14779\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Niclosamid-parasitaere-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Niclosamide takes a completely different approach, which is primarily metabolic and signal-oriented.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main mechanism: Metabolic collapse (energy blockade)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Niclosamide acts as an &#8220;uncoupler&#8221; in the cancer cell&#8217;s power plants, the mitochondria. It simply short-circuits the process that produces energy (ATP), leading to an immediate and fatal loss of energy in the cell. Simultaneously, massive oxidative stress is created (via ROS production), further damaging the cell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Secondary, but crucial mechanism: Signaling sabotage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Beyond the energy blockade, niclosamide&#8217;s great strength is its ability to simultaneously inhibit a wide range of central signaling pathways that cancer cells depend on (Wnt, STAT3, mTOR, NF-\u03baB). This hits not only growth but also the otherwise resilient cancer stem cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A dual attack that both removes the cell&#8217;s fuel and interrupts its internal communication.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also links at the bottom of this article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ivermectin\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ivermectin\/\">Ivermectin<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved hudlignende struktur med forh\u00f8jning. der foreg\u00e5r proceller med dna-lignende enheder. lysebl\u00e5 baggrund \u00f8verst.\" class=\"wp-image-14778\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Ivermectin-parasitaere-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ivermectin is again different from those mentioned above, working broadly on several systems related to cell stress and transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main mechanism: Induction of oxidative stress and ion imbalance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Like niclosamide, ivermectin can create high levels of oxidative stress (ROS) that are toxic to the cancer cell. It is also believed to affect ion channels in the cell membrane, disrupting the fragile electrical balance the cell maintains.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Secondary, but crucial mechanism: Inhibition of transport pumps<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One of the main causes of chemoresistance is that cancer cells develop pumps (such as P-glycoprotein) that actively push chemotherapy back out of the cell. Ivermectin has been shown to block these pumps. This means it can make resistant cancer cells sensitive to chemotherapy again, as the poison now remains inside the cell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Creates internal stress and prevents the cancer cell from &#8220;pumping&#8221; out toxins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also links at the bottom of this article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hydroxychloroquine_Plaquenil\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/plaquenil\/\">Hydroxychloroquine<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/plaquenil\/\">(Plaquenil)<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved Rosa celle der er cirkelformet. Andre enheder deri i forskellige rosa nuancer. hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14777\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Plaquenil-parasitaere-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This drug, which is an antimalarial agent, has a very specific and unique mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main mechanism: Blocking autophagy (the cell&#8217;s recycling station)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Autophagy is a survival mechanism where the cell breaks down and recycles its own damaged parts to obtain energy and building blocks under pressure (e.g., during chemotherapy). Hydroxychloroquine blocks this process. The result is that the cancer cell cannot &#8220;clean up&#8221; after itself, leading to an accumulation of toxic waste inside. This makes the cell significantly more vulnerable and can push it toward cell death, especially when it is already stressed by other treatments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Prevents the cancer cell from &#8220;eating itself&#8221; to survive pressure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also links at the bottom of this article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Artemisinin_and_derivatives\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/artemisia\/\">Artemisinin<\/a> (and derivatives)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved en oversk\u00e5ret celle i rosa med en masse funktioner og molekyler og noget der ligner en sav igennem. Hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14792\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere-artemisin-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Main mechanism: Iron-activated cell death via free radicals<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Artemisinin, originally a Nobel Prize-winning drug for malaria, has a highly effective and specific mechanism of action. Cancer cells need large amounts of iron to divide rapidly, and they therefore have a much higher concentration of iron than normal, healthy cells. The artemisinin molecule contains a special chemical structure (an endoperoxide bridge) that reacts violently when it comes into contact with iron. This reaction creates an explosion of unstable and highly damaging molecules called free radicals (specifically Reactive Oxygen Species, ROS). This internal &#8220;bomb&#8221; of oxidative stress destroys the cancer cell&#8217;s membranes, proteins, and DNA from within, forcing it into cell death. The process has similarities to a specific type of cell death called ferroptosis (iron-dependent cell death).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Access in Denmark:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The pure, most potent substance artesunate (a derivative) is a prescription drug in Denmark, while the plant <em>Artemisia annua<\/em> is typically sold as a dietary supplement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Functions as a &#8220;Trojan horse&#8221; that exploits the cancer cell&#8217;s own iron dependency to create a targeted internal explosion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also links at the bottom of this article<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resistance_and_safety_during_long-term_use\"><\/span>Resistance and safety during long-term use<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When using repurposed parasitic drugs in an oncological context, critical factors regarding resistance and safety apply to all the mentioned compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Risk of clinical resistance<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cancer cells are biologically extremely adaptable. While individual clinical observations may suggest a lack of resistance, extensive research documents that cancer cells can develop resistance over time. The most central mechanism is the overexpression of so-called ABC transporters (including P-glycoprotein). These function as molecular pumps that actively remove the drug from the cell&#8217;s interior before it can take effect [1, 4]. Continuous exposure without breaks can create a selection pressure, where only the most resistant cancer cells survive and multiply [2].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The importance of monitoring<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Because cancer treatment often requires higher doses or longer durations than a standard parasite treatment, continuous monitoring is essential. This is particularly true for benzimidazoles (such as mebendazole), where long-term use is associated with the risk of drug-induced liver toxicity [3]. Monitoring with blood tests, including liver function tests (ALT\/AST), is therefore a necessary safety precaution to ensure that treatment can continue without damaging the organs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span>Overview<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved celle med bl\u00e5 midte. derom m\u00f8rk rosa cirkelform. og udenp\u00e5 denne rosa cirkel med runde elementer i bl\u00e5 tomer. og dette omgives a forskellige symboler p\u00e5 virkninger. hvid baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14776\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/parasitaere-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Drug<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Primary Mechanism of Action<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Unique Characteristics<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Mebendazole<\/td><td>Destruction of microtubules<\/td><td>Attacks the cell&#8217;s &#8220;skeleton.&#8221; Most studied in clinical trials.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fenbendazole<\/td><td>Destruction of microtubules<\/td><td>Attacks the cell&#8217;s &#8220;skeleton.&#8221; Strong anecdotal history.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Niclosamide<\/td><td>Metabolic collapse (energy blockade)<\/td><td>Removes cell fuel and sabotages signaling pathways. Poor absorption.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ivermectin<\/td><td>Induction of oxidative stress \/ Inhibition of pumps<\/td><td>Creates internal stress and counteracts chemoresistance.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hydroxychloroquine<\/td><td>Inhibition of autophagy<\/td><td>Prevents the cell&#8217;s &#8220;recycling system&#8221; from working.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Artemisinin (and derivatives)<\/td><td>Iron-activated formation of free radicals (ROS)<\/td><td>Exploits high iron content in cancer cells to create oxidative stress.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2.png\" alt=\"Parasit\u00e6re midler sammenlignet symboliseret ved Planche med celle der bliver angrebet a forskellige enheder. bl\u00e5 baggrund.\" class=\"wp-image-14782\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:150px;height:150px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2.png 1024w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2-100x100.png 100w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2-600x600.png 600w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/Parasitaere2-768x768.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The clear conclusion is that there is no single &#8220;antiparasitic&#8221; effect against cancer. Each substance represents a unique angle of attack that exploits different vulnerabilities in the cancer cell&#8217;s complex machinery. This diversity opens the door for intelligent combination treatments, where a tumor can be hit from several sides simultaneously. In the long run, a deeper understanding of these mechanisms can lead to more tailored treatment, where the choice of a repurposed drug is based on the specific biochemical profile of the individual tumor. The potential lies not in a single &#8220;miracle cure,&#8221; but in the strategic use of an entire arsenal of different, rediscovered &#8220;keys,&#8221; each of which can unlock a new door in the cancer cell&#8217;s defense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As these are medications, it is naturally essential to discuss their use with your healthcare provider.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/metabolisk-strategi\/\">Metabolic strategy \u2013 block signaling pathways by cancer type \u2013 chart overviews <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are in doubt about interaction, it can be checked here: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-bl-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44e9f8537547201e0b860469b007bb4f wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.drugs.com\/?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR2Un76TmB0Yk4p7gHQ4TUFL7cCg_ob3aVB1DcZjT48o-YwFap8riMvnNiQ_aem__ZDuOwAdzVO0yZi5iJKihQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Drugs.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/repurposed-drugs\">Repurposed Drugs<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">See also <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/ingen-medicin-plan-b\/\">No medicine &#8211; Plan B<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Se ogs\u00e5 <a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/parasittens-vej-til-kraeft\/\">The parasite&#8217;s path to cancer<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/repurposed-drugs\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-menu-links-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-485790e51077e9636b3d4b79d3c87ead wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#menu\">(to menu)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ivermectin:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7e9f696fce92d4cf7bec886436fdf950 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1043661820315152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic agent<\/a> (Science Direct, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> This article provides a broad overview of the many proposed anti-cancer mechanisms for ivermectin. It mentions, among other things, the effect on Hippo, Akt\/mTOR, and WNT signaling pathways, which supports the drug&#8217;s versatility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2b03c9ac0cb4e98b5638f3e5cfaf7565 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.embopress.org\/doi\/full\/10.15252\/emmm.201404084\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The river blindness drug Ivermectin and related macrocyclic lactones inhibit WNT-TCF pathway responses in human cancer<\/a> (EMBO Molecular Medicine, 2014)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> A very specific study confirming that ivermectin is an effective blocker of the WNT signaling pathway, which is a fundamental and often overactive signaling pathway in many cancers, including colorectal and breast cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0f1586025b6aa979620f414347b29e0f wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40174264\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Targeting EGFR\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR and Bax\/Bcl-2\/caspase3 pathways with ivermectin mediates its anticancer effects against urethane-induced non-small cell lung cancer in BALB\/c mice<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> An animal study shows that the drug ivermectin has a strong anti-cancer effect on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The study concludes that ivermectin works by blocking the central growth signaling pathway (EGFR\/PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR), leading to increased cell death and inhibited tumor growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-b0958b54bba05afef792e253bf20c0a2 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/williamscancerinstitute.com\/ivermectin-and-cancer-exploring-the-potential-link\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ivermectin and Cancer: Exploring the Potential Link <\/a>(Williams Cancer Institute, 2023)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Ivermectin has potential as a cancer treatment by inhibiting tumor growth, inducing apoptosis, strengthening the immune system, and preventing angiogenesis. These mechanisms may supplement existing therapies, but further clinical research is necessary. Overall, Ivermectin opens new possibilities for the development of innovative cancer treatments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-f6d7c89947019a91fc6294d2c728a83d wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1043661820315152?fbclid=IwY2xjawEWAGNleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHdZYgWOdPXTAstplSsyjo-mMcyZdAVFA3Rp98ZOYM7HntHyhuuR8focP-Q_aem_0Zm90ecrP8sdxnVd2YUw4Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ivermectin, a potential anticancer drug derived from an antiparasitic drug<\/a> (Science Direct, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Ivermectin, an antiparasitic macrolide, has shown promising potential as a cancer treatment by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis through multiple signaling pathways. This opens possibilities for clinical use of ivermectin as an anti-neoplastic agent. Further research is needed to realize this potential in cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Fenbendazole:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-e8ffd92d3c372aa71d43157989c29018 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onedaymd.com\/2025\/04\/fenbendazole-ivermectin-mebendazole-breast-cancer.html?m=1&amp;fbclid=IwY2xjawLLzjlleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETB6Z3JmcTBiVjE3aWZsOVk1AR6YqtGVRRh4AKT27Xbrs1D-ZnsZhEUm0JA-kHYlQMSGDKJLlqcqwdjGKleXxA_aem_4liz50FMI2Lok_3mycN_Kw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fenbendazole, Ivermectin and Mebendazole for Breast Cancer Success Stories \u2013 37 Case Reports<\/a> (The Medical Adviser, June 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Several peer-reviewed articles and case studies suggest that Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, and Mebendazole may play an important role in the treatment of stage 4 breast cancer. Research shows that these substances have different anti-cancer mechanisms that can be effective against cancer cells. Specific studies include a protocol for Ivermectin, as well as investigations of Fenbendazole and Mebendazole in relation to breast cancer and metastases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13e5fb2c69e85ffcba2d5becf9402b57 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40509264\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fenbendazole Exhibits Antitumor Activity Against Cervical Cancer Through Dual Targeting of Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Models<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Fenbendazole can kill both common cancer cells and the difficult cancer stem cells in cervical cancer by disrupting the cells&#8217; growth cycle. It stopped tumor growth in animal models without weight loss, in contrast to chemotherapy, and resulted in full survival in those treated. These results make fenbendazole a promising treatment choice against cervical cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7ee523fe740ebd3bc0868dae9015338d wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39736624\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Transcriptome analysis reveals the anticancer effects of fenbendazole on ovarian cancer: an in vitro and in vivo study<\/a> (PubMed, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Fenbendazole can inhibit the growth and promote the death of ovarian cancer cells by disrupting the cell cycle and causing mitotic catastrophe. It was also shown to reduce tumor growth in mice, suggesting it could become a promising treatment for ovarian cancer. These results open possibilities for new therapies against this serious disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mebendazole:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-0e1e33aab10563d5c30e70d2e19e78b4 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34218593\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update <\/a>(PubMed, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Albendazole and mebendazole are broad-spectrum deworming medications that block microtubules and have shown promising anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. They can be used against parasitic infections and potentially as cancer treatment, but long-term use can cause side effects like liver damage. Mebendazole is currently more popular in cancer trials due to albendazole&#8217;s toxicity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-affcbe042ec922ebc83722818f345c15 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39614899\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Synergistic inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma by mebendazole and paclitaxel via PI3K\/AKT pathway mitigation<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Mebendazole and paclitaxel have a synergistic effect on inhibiting proliferation and microtubular structures in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) by inhibiting the PI3K\/AKT signaling pathway. The combination increases apoptosis markers and may be a promising treatment for OTSCC. Further research is needed to confirm their clinical potential.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-dd7d2c1cc24e31773969660ad3fc7bb1 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39527027\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>In vitro<\/em>&nbsp;evaluation of lipidic nanocarriers for mebendazole delivery to improve anticancer activity<\/a> (PubMed, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Mebendazole nanostructures (MBZ-NLCs) are stable and contain a larger portion of the active substance than standard forms. They are ten times more effective against cancer cells and can prevent the movement of cancer cells in laboratory experiments. The results suggest that mebendazole nanostructures could become a good treatment for lung cancer, but more tests in the body are needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Plaquenil:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-d554516ea4c3ee7a986f5a34bdafc977 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40185322\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The imidazoline I<sub>2<\/sub>&nbsp;receptor agonist 2-BFI enhances cytotoxic activity of hydroxychloroquine by modulating oxidative stress, energy-related metabolism and autophagic influx in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> A new study shows that the substance 2-BFI (an imidazoline I2-receptor agonist) significantly enhances the cell-killing effect of the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) against colorectal cancer cells. The combination works by creating increased oxidative stress and disrupting cancer cell metabolism and survival mechanisms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3fde295fa4b3eb3271b0e84bae3f79b4 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.upmc.com\/media\/news\/030922-malaria-drug-chemotherapy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Malaria Drug Could Combat Chemotherapy-Resistant Head and Neck Cancers<\/a> (UPMC, 2022)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance: <\/strong>This is an easy-to-understand summary of a study that shows a concrete example of how hydroxychloroquine is used to overcome chemo-resistance. It explains how the substance can &#8220;re-sensitize&#8221; cancer cells so that chemotherapy works again.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47152620ee02d49434ca011b60f5f8fc wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5718030\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)\u2014chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as anti-cancer agents <\/a>(PubMed, 2017)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have potential as anti-cancer treatment, especially in combination with standard therapies. They affect both cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment through autophagy inhibition and modulation of signaling pathways such as p53 and CXCR4-CXCL12. Further clinical studies are necessary to optimize dosing and treatment regimens.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Niclosamide:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67a4902e9e2dd083baa0cf254855860e wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40446543\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Computer-aided drug discovery of a dual-target inhibitor for ovarian cancer: therapeutic intervention targeting CDK1\/TTK signaling pathway and structural insights in the NCI-60<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> This study identified 35 genes, including CDK1 and TTK, as important targets in ovarian cancer, which often develops resistance to treatment. NSC765690 (MCC22) was found to be a promising niclosamide analog with strong activity against both targets, which may help overcome chemotherapy resistance. The results show a data-driven approach to developing new therapies for ovarian cancer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-342d3eca819bc491552472a375c47e44 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40521512\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Niclosamide Treatment Suppressed Metastatic, Apoptotic, and Proliferative Characteristics of MDA-MB-231 Cancer Stem Cells<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> This study showed that niclosamide effectively induces apoptosis and stops the cell cycle in aggressive triple-negative breast cancer-CSCs in a 3D model. The treatment reduced metastasis- and resistance-related genes as well as EMT markers, which may improve treatment effectiveness against cancer. The results suggest that niclosamide can increase CSC sensitivity and prevent tumor recurrence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4def919f735299993d08bb6a73814c2c wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40153934\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pharmacological advances and therapeutic applications of niclosamide in cancer and other diseases<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Niclosamide is an FDA-approved drug with potential in cancer treatment, especially against resistant ovarian cancer, by modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. New formulations and nanotechnology improve bioavailability, strengthening its therapeutic possibilities. It shows promising versatility in the treatment of cancer, viral infection, and inflammatory diseases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7ae98a01281a9f617c318c7a12f8a6a5 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40466616\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Study on the mechanism of niclosamide ethanolamine salt-hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin in the treatment of colon cancer based on metabolomics and 16S rRNA technology<\/a> (PubMed, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> NHC, an improved form of niclosamide, shows increased solubility and potential as a treatment for colon cancer. The analysis confirms that NHC is more effective than NES, and metabolomics as well as 16S rRNA investigate its mechanism. This may open new possibilities for niclosamide-based cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28451a47f3f0c384dbad5b7c5805b9ae wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38820079\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Antitumor activity of niclosamide-mediated oxidative stress against acute lymphoblastic leukemia<\/a> (PubMed, 2024)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Relevance:<\/strong> Niclosamide was shown to be able to inhibit growth and induce apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by increasing reactive oxygen species and activating TP53. It has potential as a new treatment to improve response and extend survival in ALL patients. These results indicate that niclosamide could become a promising therapeutic agent against ALL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In General:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4d441217b21e505edf15434d60035b2b wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/isom.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Targeting-the-Mitochondrial-Stem-Cell-Connection-in-Cancer-Treatment-JOM-39.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Targeting the Mitochondrial-Stem Cell Connection in Cancer<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/isom.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Targeting-the-Mitochondrial-Stem-Cell-Connection-in-Cancer-Treatment-JOM-39.3.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Treatment: A Hybrid Orthomolecular Protocol<\/a> (Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-cc085c5155dfa1316a96e7e54c08dd01 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.interaktionsdatabasen.dk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Interactions (search for preparations) <\/a>(Interaktionsdatabasen, Danish Medicines Agency)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Resistens og monitorering<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-bc50e57b1dcd262340691d7522606ebb wp-block-paragraph\">[1]&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S136876462500113X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The emerging roles of ATP-binding cassette transporters in cancer multidrug resistance<\/a>&nbsp;(ScienceDirect, 2025)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A fully updated review of how ABC transporters function as pumps that create resistance in cancer cells. The article describes the challenges of overcoming this mechanism to ensure effective drug delivery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1b60c85aac181848ef6d7bd45bcb2f98 wp-block-paragraph\">[2]&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC4096024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Repurposing Drugs in Oncology (ReDO)\u2014A project to find new uses for old drugs<\/a>&nbsp;(ecancer, 2014)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A comprehensive article series reviewing the need for monitoring and the theoretical risks of resistance when moving drugs from short-term use to long-term cancer treatment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9abe0ae75071ee5e759625425fcaccf9 wp-block-paragraph\">[3]&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34218593\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Albendazole and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and Anti-Cancer Agents: an Update<\/a>&nbsp;(PubMed, 2021)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: An article based on a review of benzimidazoles (mebendazole and albendazole). It describes their anti-cancer effects but explicitly states that long-term use can cause side effects such as liver damage.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-custom-sort-tekst-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-669070973af0f414a0297a370aada789 wp-block-paragraph\">[4]&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29643473\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Revisiting the role of ABC transporters in multidrug-resistant cancer<\/a>&nbsp;(PubMed, 2018)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Content: A scientific article documenting how the overexpression of ABC transporters (especially P-glycoprotein) in cancer cells is a major cause of multidrug resistance. The study demonstrates that these pumps effectively remove drugs from cells, thereby blocking their efficacy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Page created:<\/strong> July 1, 2024, Last revised July 28, 2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-custom-menu-links-color\">\u2764<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>What you read on Jeg har Kr\u00e6ft is not a recommendation. Seek competent guidance.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Indhold<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Treatments\" >Treatments<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Complementary_and_Alternative_Treatments\" >Complementary and Alternative Treatments<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Niclosamide_and_cancer\" >Niclosamide and cancer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#What_is_niclosamide\" >What is niclosamide<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Challenge_with_absorption\" >Challenge with absorption<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Niclosamide_and_cancer-2\" >Niclosamide and cancer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Research_status\" >Research status<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Potential_side_effects\" >Potential side effects<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Conclusion\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Antiparasitic_drugs_%E2%80%93_compariso\" >Antiparasitic drugs &#8211; compariso<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Antiparasitic_agents_compared\" >Antiparasitic agents compared<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Mebendazole_Vermox\" >Mebendazole (Vermox)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Fenbendazole\" >Fenbendazole<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Niclosamide\" >Niclosamide<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Ivermectin\" >Ivermectin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Hydroxychloroquine_Plaquenil\" >Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Artemisinin_and_derivatives\" >Artemisinin (and derivatives)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Resistance_and_safety_during_long-term_use\" >Resistance and safety during long-term use<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Overview\" >Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/niclosamide\/#Conclusion-2\" >Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Treatments Complementary and Alternative Treatments Niclosamide and cancer Content: Short summary of niclosamide Niclosamide is a well-known drug normally used for parasitic infections. It is now being investigated as a potential cancer treatment because its safety profile in humans is already known, which can expedite research. Mechanism of action: The central challenge: Status and conclusion: [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[393,375,374,395],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-repurposed-drugs","category-alternative-treatments","category-treatments","category-miscellaneous-and-experimental-agents"],"modified_by":"Hanne Kj\u00e6r Uhlig","wpml_current_locale":"en_US","wpml_translations":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33057","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33057"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33057\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33057"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33057"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jegharkraeft.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33057"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}